Ecotoxicogenomic assessment of diclofenac toxicity in soil

Chen, Guangquan; Braver, Michiel W. den; Gestel, Cornelis A.M. van; Straalen, Nico M. van; Roelofs, Dick

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.032

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The ultimate disposal of household refuse containing pharmaceutical agents in improperly engineered landfills is a cause for concern. It has been reported that low dose environmental exposure to some pharmaceuticals contributes to ecotoxicological effects in aquatic and terrestrial life [33]. Leachate from landfills and other dumpsites containing SMW can contaminate surface and ground water resources which serve as sources of drinking water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid medical waste: a cross sectional study of household disposal practices and reported harm in Southern Ghana

Udofia

Gulis

2017

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundSolid medical waste (SMW) in households is perceived to pose minimal risks to the public compared to SMW generated from healthcare facilities. While waste from healthcare facilities is subject to recommended safety measures to minimize risks to human health and the environment, similar waste in households is often untreated and co-mingled with household waste which ends up in landfills and open dumps in many African countries. In Ghana, the management of this potentially hazardous waste stream at household and community level has not been widely reported. The objective of this study was to investigate household disposal practices and harm resulting from SMW generated in households and the community.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 600 households was undertaken in Ga South Municipal Assembly in Accra, Ghana from mid-April to June, 2014. Factors investigated included socio-demographic characteristics, medication related practices, the belief that one is at risk of diseases associated with SMW, SMW disposal practices and reported harm associated with SMW at home and in the community.ResultsEighty percent and 89% of respondents discarded unwanted medicines and sharps in household refuse bins respectively. A corresponding 23% and 35% of respondents discarded these items without a container. Harm from SMW in the household and in the community was reported by 5% and 3% of respondents respectively. Persons who believed they were at risk of diseases associated with SMW were nearly three times more likely to report harm in the household (OR 2.75, 95%CI 1.15–6.54).ConclusionThe belief that one can be harmed by diseases associated with SMW influenced reporting rates in the study area. Disposal practices suggest the presence of unwanted medicines and sharps in the household waste stream conferring on it hazardous properties. Given the low rates of harm reported, elimination of preventable harm might justify community intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid medical waste: a cross sectional study of household disposal practices and reported harm in Southern Ghana

Udofia

Gulis

2017

BMC Public Health

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“…The ACVS and IPNS genes of F. candida are strongly upregulated during stress, responding to various physical (Nota et al 2010) and chemical stressors (Nota et al 2008;Chen et al 2015). In the current study, we investigate (i) whether IPNS is part of a larger set of betalactam biosynthesis genes in the genome of F. candida, (ii) whether there is transcriptional coregulation of this pathway and (iii) the distribution range of such genes among the animal kingdom trying to map a distributional profile of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes across animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of beta‐lactam gene clusters in animals

et al. 2017

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Beta-lactam biosynthesis was thought to occur only in fungi and bacteria, but we recently reported the presence of isopenicillin N synthase in a soil-dwelling animal, Folsomia candida. However, it has remained unclear whether this gene is part of a larger beta-lactam biosynthesis pathway and how widespread the occurrence of penicillin biosynthesis is among animals. Here, we analysed the distribution of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes throughout the animal kingdom and identified a beta-lactam gene cluster in the genome of F. candida (Collembola), consisting of isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (ACVS), and two cephamycin C genes (cmcI and cmcJ) on a genomic scaffold of 0.76 Mb. All genes are transcriptionally active and are inducible by stress (heat shock). A beta-lactam compound was detected in vivo using an ELISA beta-lactam assay. The gene cluster also contains an ABC transporter which is coregulated with IPNS and ACVS after heat shock. Furthermore, we show that different combinations of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes are present in over 60% of springtail families, but they are absent from genome- and transcript libraries of other animals including close relatives of springtails (Protura, Diplura and insects). The presence of beta-lactam genes is strongly correlated with an euedaphic (soil-living) lifestyle. Beta-lactam genes IPNS and ACVS each form a phylogenetic clade in between bacteria and fungi, while cmcI and cmcJ genes cluster within bacteria. This suggests a single horizontal gene transfer event most probably from a bacterial host, followed by differential loss in more recently evolving species.

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“…The beta-lactam biosynthesis pathway is upregulated upon exposure to various stressors including cadmium (Nota et al, 2008), phenanthrene (Nota et al, 2009), and diclofenac (Chen et al, 2015) and seems to be part of the general stress response of F. candida . While ACVS was upregulated during stress, metabolism towards its substrate L-AAA was either slightly upregulated (PIPOX activation 6 h post heat shock) or downregulated in the case of the hydroxylysine pathway, indicating that L-AAA may not be a limiting factor in beta-lactam biosynthesis in F. candida .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical pathways supporting beta-lactam biosynthesis in the springtail Folsomia candida

et al. 2016

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Recently, an active set of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes was reported in the genome of the arthropod springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola). Evidence was provided that these genes were acquired through horizontal gene transfer. However, successful integration of fungal- or bacterial-derived beta-lactam biosynthesis into the metabolism of an animal requires the beta-lactam precursor L-α-aminoadipic acid and a phosphopantetheinyl transferase for activation of the first enzyme of the pathway, δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (ACVS). In this study, we characterized these supporting pathways and their transcriptional regulation in F. candida. We identified one phosphopantetheinyl transferase and three pathways for L-α-aminoadipic acid production, distinct from the pathways utilized by microorganisms. We found that after heat shock, the phosphopantetheinyl transferase was co-regulated with ACVS, confirming its role in activating ACVS. Two of the three L-α-aminoadipic acid production pathways were downregulated, while PIPOX, an enzyme participating in the pipecolate pathway, was slightly co-regulated with ACVS. This indicates that L-α-aminoadipic acid may not be a limiting factor in beta-lactam biosynthesis in F. candida, in contrast to microorganisms. In conclusion, we show that all components for L-α-aminoadipic acid synthesis are present and transcriptionally active in F. candida. This demonstrates how springtails could have recruited native enzymes to integrate a beta-lactam biosynthesis pathway into their metabolism after horizontal gene transfer.

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Ecotoxicogenomic assessment of diclofenac toxicity in soil

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

Solid medical waste: a cross sectional study of household disposal practices and reported harm in Southern Ghana

Solid medical waste: a cross sectional study of household disposal practices and reported harm in Southern Ghana

Evolutionary ecology of beta‐lactam gene clusters in animals

Biochemical pathways supporting beta-lactam biosynthesis in the springtail Folsomia candida

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