“…operation, influence, and biasing) relatively stable and situationally determined ( Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999 ). Since the 1950s, TPs have been an enduring topic in areas such as social psychology ( Gerard & Rotter, 1961 ), consumption psychology ( Pham & Khanh, 2020 ), mental health ( Anagnostopoulos & Griva, 2012 ), and educational psychology ( Andre et al, 2018 ). However, most studies have focused only on the relationships between TPs and various outcomes in real world situations, including personal relationships ( Lang & Carstensen, 2002 ), impulsive consumption ( Unger et al, 2018 ), healthy coping strategies for trauma ( Papastamatelou et al, 2020 ), and academic performance ( Donoso González et al, 2020 ).…”