Ecotourism as a source of infection with Schistosoma mansoni in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Murta, Felipe; Massara, Crístiano Lara; Nogueira, Joyce Favacho Cardoso; Carvalho, Omar dos Santos; Mendonça, Cristiane Lafetá Furtado; Pinheiro, Viviane Aparecida Oliveira; Enk, Martin Johannes

doi:10.1186/s40794-016-0019-8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For this reason, attention must also be paid to the impacts of ecotourism on public health (Meto et al, 2023), in the case of CLM, in the spread of the disease. Knowing that there is already evidence in the literature regarding the impact of tourism on the incidence of infectious parasitic diseases, greater attention is needed in health education actions for those travelers from endemic regions for certain etiological agents (Murta et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larva Migrans: a growing public health problem highlighted by a beach tennis outbreak

Macedo¹,

Alvarenga²,

Castro³

et al. 2023

Inter. J. Sci. Manag. Tour.

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Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM), also known as creeping eruption or ground itch, is a parasitic infection caused by larvae of the Ancylostoma braziliense and A. caninum species, which usually infect dogs and cats. CLM is considered a neglected disease that affects populations in developing countries located in tropical regions such as Brazil, India, and the Caribbean. Although the infection is more prevalent in areas with low economic and social development, sports activities on sand courts or beaches have led to infections among an economically privileged audience, including international travelers. Considering the current importance of CLM, this work describes an outbreak of the disease among residents of a high-end residential condominium located in the municipality of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. During the epidemiological investigation, five individuals with CLM were identified, and environmental risk factors for sand contamination were discovered. Preventive measures and controls for new cases were advised, as well as health education initiatives aimed at guiding the residents. The findings highlight the importance of CLM as a public health issue, even among populations with high socioeconomic status, and the need for increased awareness and control measures to prevent further outbreaks. This study adds to the growing body of evidence on the epidemiology of CLM and underscores the need for continued research to develop effective prevention and control strategies for neglected parasitic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larva Migrans: a growing public health problem highlighted by a beach tennis outbreak

Macedo¹,

Alvarenga²,

Castro³

et al. 2023

Inter. J. Sci. Manag. Tour.

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“…The search excluded studies that looked at nonhuman infection with Schistosoma other than snails. Furthermore, publications looking at urban residents becoming infected as tourists in rural areas were not included when they did not also assess prevalence levels in specific urban or peri-urban areas more generally [ 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings

Klohe¹,

Koudou

Fenwick

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma and belongs to the neglected tropical diseases. The disease has been reported in 78 countries, with around 290.8 million people in need of treatment in 2018. Schistosomiasis is predominantly considered a rural disease with a subsequent focus of research and control activities in rural settings. Over the past decades, occurrence and even expansion of schistosomiasis foci in peri-urban and urban settings have increasingly been observed. Rural–urban migration in low- and middle-income countries and subsequent rapid and unplanned urbanization are thought to explain these observations. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the world population is already estimated to live in urban areas, with a projected increase to 68% by 2050. In light of rapid urbanization and the efforts to control morbidity and ultimately achieve elimination of schistosomiasis, it is important to deepen our understanding of the occurrence, prevalence, and transmission of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings. A systematic literature review looking at urban and peri-urban schistosomiasis was therefore carried out as a first step to address the research and mapping gap. Methodology Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic computer-aided literature review was carried out using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the World Health Organization Database in November 2019, which was updated in March 2020. Only papers for which at least the abstract was available in English were used. Relevant publications were screened, duplicates were removed, guidelines for eligibility were applied, and eligible studies were reviewed. Studies looking at human Schistosoma infections, prevalence, and intensity of infection in urban and peri-urban settings were included as well as those focusing on the intermediate host snails. Principal findings A total of 248 publications met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies confirm that schistosomiasis is prevalent in peri-urban and urban areas in the countries assessed. Earlier studies report higher prevalence levels in urban settings compared to data extracted from more recent publications, yet the challenge of migration, rapid uncontrolled urbanization, and resulting poor living conditions highlight the potential for continuous or even newly established transmission to take place. Conclusions The review indicates that schistosomiasis has long existed in urban and peri-urban areas and remains a public health problem. There is, however, a challenge of comparability of settings due to the lack of a clear definition of what constitutes urban and peri-urban. There is a pressing need for improved monitoring of schistosomiasis in urban communities and consideration of treatment strategies.

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“…It is related to recreational activities associated with rural or ecological tourism, migratory flows, such as urbanisation, and accompanying changes in social dynamics. 22 , 27 , 76 Although the disease is usually thought of as a rural problem, it is increasing in large urban centres of Brazil due to migration of residents from endemic rural areas. 28 Lambertucci et al 29 described an atypical outbreak in a non-endemic area of Brazil due to the migration of infected workers from a schistosome-endemic area.…”

Section: Antibody Detection Is a Valuable Tool To Identify Egg-negatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infections: what are the choices in Brazilian low-endemic areas?

Silva-Moraes

Shollenberger

Siqueira

et al. 2019

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The population of Brazil is currently characterised by many individuals harbouring low-intensity Schistosoma mansoni infections. The Kato-Katz technique is the diagnostic method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess these infections, but this method is not sensitive enough in the context of low egg excretion. In this regard, potential alternatives are being employed to overcome the limits of the Kato-Katz technique. In the present review, we evaluated the performance of parasitological and immunological approaches adopted in Brazilian areas. Currently, the diagnostic choices involve a combination of strategies, including the utilisation of antibody methods to screen individuals and then subsequent confirmation of positive cases by intensive parasitological investigations.

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Ecotourism as a source of infection with Schistosoma mansoni in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Larva Migrans: a growing public health problem highlighted by a beach tennis outbreak

Larva Migrans: a growing public health problem highlighted by a beach tennis outbreak

A systematic literature review of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings

Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infections: what are the choices in Brazilian low-endemic areas?

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