Ecosystem Services of Mangrove Forests: Results of a Meta-Analysis of Economic Values

Abstract

Mangrove forests are paramount for sustaining and enhancing ecosystem services benefitting both local and regional communities, and the global environment. Scholars have long studied the values of ecosystem services of mangrove forests. However, the number of recent primary studies monetizing ecosystem services is rather limited. This paper ascertains the values of ecosystem services of 66 primary valuation studies with a total of 250 observations. The results indicate that the range of values is substantially wide. This range cannot be explained sufficiently by the various differences of the studies, as the explanatory power of the econometric estimations is low. Main influential factors on the values of ecosystem services are the elicitation methods, the types of ecosystem services considered, and the conservation status of the respective mangrove forest as Ramsar site. The results stress the significant economic values of ecosystem services of mangrove forests and the importance for conservation management. However, the results also caution against a direct transfer of benefits between sites. The substantial variety of site and country specifics warrants the implementation of separate, original valuation studies.

How Does the Appeal of Environmental Values Influence Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention?

“…Within the field of environmental studies and within the literature on entrepreneurship, a meta-analysis is already a widely used method to examine the relationship between environmental values and sustainable entrepreneurship [25,26]. Meta-analyses allow researchers to systematically synthesize existing findings of empirical studies, and examine the directions and magnitude of the main effects among different variables [25].…”

“…Meta-analyses allow researchers to systematically synthesize existing findings of empirical studies, and examine the directions and magnitude of the main effects among different variables [25]. A metaanalysis is able to generalize, even in the event of different empirical outcomes with respect to same relationship [26], and provides researchers with more clarity in assessing these different results in the light of other competing studies. In this context, meta-analysis can generate useful and comprehensive results that are also statically robust [26].…”

“…A metaanalysis is able to generalize, even in the event of different empirical outcomes with respect to same relationship [26], and provides researchers with more clarity in assessing these different results in the light of other competing studies. In this context, meta-analysis can generate useful and comprehensive results that are also statically robust [26]. Unfortunately, there has been no recent meta-analysis about the relationship between environmental values and the intention to start a sustainable venture.…”

Mineral status of soil, sea water, and mangrove (Avicennia marina) forages in several coastal areas of West Sumatra

“…The Mo content of A. marina leaves in each region was not significantly different at 0.4 ppm, since the normative Mo requirement in ruminants is <100 mg/kg 1 . A high amount of Mo suppresses Cu availability and causes physiological Cu deficiency in ruminants.…”

“…The mangrove plants around the coastal area are considered to possess the potential to become forages. Furthermore, in Pakistan’s Indus delta, approximately 16,000 camels and 11,000 cows eat mangrove leaves [ 1 ]. Each year, during the start of the flood season (June–July), camels from the remote areas of Sindh migrate to the mangrove area in herds and stay until October [ 2 ].…”