“…Based on the Gramscian framework outline above, I argue that all these "economic" phenomena should be theorized as complexly socially and historically constituted and thus diverse in their organization, operation, and effects. Hence, the following types of conceptualizations need, I contend, to be identified, denounced, and replaced: those that see "the economy" or markets as self-constituting or selfregulating (e.g., governed by an "invisible hand"); separate from the rest of society with their own laws, types of behavior, motivations, forms of thinking (e.g., utility maximization, self-interest, or instrumental rationality), and predictable effects (e.g., growth, efficiency, social welfare, or equilibrium); and those that view various types of economic phenomena (e.g., markets or economic enterprises) as essentially the same in their basic structure, that is, similarly determined by a limited number of "economic" variables (e.g., supply and demand, free trade, laissez-faire, competition, or profitability) and therefore operating according to similar "laws," "imperatives," or "logics" and having similar outcomes (Resnick and Wolff 1989;Wolff and Resnick 1987;Gibson-Graham 1996;Watkins 1998;Amariglio and Ruccio 1994;Callari 1991;Hindess 1987;Block 1990;Swanson 2007a).…”