Economic limitations of the HVAC transmission system when applied to offshore wind farms

Machado, Joao; Neves, Mário Ventim; Santos, Paulo

doi:10.1109/cpe.2015.7231051

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This study found that HVDC is more economical than HVAC for distances more than 90 km, for a 100 MW wind power plant [13]. Another study makes a comparison between HVAC and HVDC [14], with different distance cutoffs. This concludes that HVAC is a better choice for wind power plants less than 300 MW unless very long distances are considered (>200 km) [14].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This concludes that HVAC is a better choice for wind power plants less than 300 MW unless very long distances are considered (>200 km) [14]. For more than 300 MW, this study finds the HVDC solution more feasible with critical distances between the range of 40 km -60 km (depending on wind farm capacity) [14]. Similarly, in [15], HVAC and HVDC are compared, concluding that for a 400 MW wind power plant HVDC is less expensive if the distance from the shore is more than 52 km.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another study makes a comparison between HVAC and HVDC [14], with different distance cutoffs. This concludes that HVAC is a better choice for wind power plants less than 300 MW unless very long distances are considered (>200 km) [14]. For more than 300 MW, this study finds the HVDC solution more feasible with critical distances between the range of 40 km -60 km (depending on wind farm capacity) [14].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission Design and Analysis for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Energy Development

Apostolaki-Iosifidou

McCormack

Kempton

et al. 2019

IEEE Power Energy Technol. Syst. J.

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The offshore wind resource is very large in many coastal regions, over 80,000 MW capacity in the region studied here. However, the resource cannot be utilized unless distant offshore wind generation can be effectively collected and brought to shore. Based on extensive oceanographic, environmental, and shipping data, a realistic wind energy deployment layout is designed with 160 wind power plants each 500 MW. The power collection and transmission infrastructure required to bring this power to shore and connect it to the electricity grid is designed and analyzed. Three types of connection to shore are compared; high voltage AC to the nearest onshore point of interconnection (POI), high voltage DC with voltage-source converter (HVDC-VSC) to the nearest onshore POI, and connecting to an offshore HVDC backbone running parallel to shore that interconnects multiple wind power plants and multiple POIs ashore. The electrical transmission losses are estimated step by step from the wind turbines to the POI. The results show that such a large system can be built with existing technology in near-load resources, and that losses in the HVDC-VSC systems are approximately 1%-2% lower than that in the AC system for a distance about 120 km from shore. INDEX TERMS Power system interconnection, transmission losses, high-voltage alternating current (HVAC), high-voltage direct current (HVDC), offshore wind power, transmission design.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmission Design and Analysis for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Energy Development

Apostolaki-Iosifidou

McCormack

Kempton

et al. 2019

IEEE Power Energy Technol. Syst. J.

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“…The reactive power absorbed in the stationary operation is approximately 50% of the transmitted active power. This percentage raises under temporary conditions and thus reactive power supplies are normally provided near transducers (Kundur, 1994;Machado et al, 2015).…”

Section: Reactive Power Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

An Economic and Technical Review for the Utilization of HVDC in Turkey and in the World

Acaroğlu

Najafi

Kara

et al. 2021

Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences

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In recent years, it is seen that High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission line systems have come to the fore in the field of energy efficiency in the world. Therefore, it is predicted that analyzing the technological and economic advantages of HVDC transmission line systems will make an important contribution to energy efficiency policies. In this regard, this study aims to examine the technological and economic advantages of HVDC transmission systems through the historical development with applications in Turkey and in the world. In addition to this, it is expected that the evaluation of the effects of energy efficiency on the economy will bring a different perspective to the energy and economic literature. Therefore, it is thought that energy and economic policies for the spread of HVDC transmission line systems worldwide will be essential. The asymmetric distribution of natural energy sources in the world causes energy supply security problems in the countries such as Turkey in terms of high foreign dependence on energy. For this reason, it is necessary to meet the increasing energy demand and increase the existing capacity day by day. Besides, it is important to develop policies for efficient use of energy. HVDC technology is extremely important for a developing country like Turkey. Moreover, it is known that this energy transmission technology has become widespread in developed countries. Thereby, a technical comparison is done for investment costs of the transmission system in Germany. As a result, other than bringing economic benefits with the energy transmission of Turkey through HVDC, it has important potential for making energy transmission possible with her neighbors and European Union countries.

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“…the Western Link, or connection of offshore wind farms suggests that HVDC schemes will become more common due to the superiority of HVDC over HVAC in particular offshore applications [9]- [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Operation of the Western Link Embedded HVDC Connection

Leavy

Bukhsh

Bell

2018

2018 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC)

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Abstract-The Western Link is a new point-to-point embedded HVDC connection due to be commissioned in Great Britain in 2018. This paper investigates the optimal loading of the Western Link with respect to the wider transmission system. The work modelled a representation of behaviour of the wholesale market and system operator actions using mathematical optimisation in the form of an economic dispatch followed by an AC optimal power flow. A range of different system cases was studied using: a representative high voltage transmission network of Great Britain; system planned outages on AC circuits in parallel with the Western Link; system contingencies; and two possible post-contingency Western Link loading rules. It was concluded from the cases studied that the optimal dispatch of power on the Western Link is an affine function of power flow in the parallel AC circuits, modulated by system planned outages and the thermal rating of the Western Link.

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Economic limitations of the HVAC transmission system when applied to offshore wind farms

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Transmission Design and Analysis for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Energy Development

Transmission Design and Analysis for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Energy Development

An Economic and Technical Review for the Utilization of HVDC in Turkey and in the World

Optimal Operation of the Western Link Embedded HVDC Connection

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