Economic Integration, Emerging Fields and Cross-border Governance: The Case of San Diego–Tijuana

Abstract

The border cities of San Diego and Tijuana have experienced increasing crossborder economic, social and political relationships that have brought about the need for increasing governance of regional cross-border issues. Cross-border public, private and nonprofit organizations have emerged on both sides of the border. The cross-border cooperation and governance in the San Diego-Tijuana region has promoted both the infrastructure and economic projects that have been required by different public and private organizations. The economic organizations that are considered incumbents are trying to develop a strategic action field in the area of cross-border economic activity. Challengers are represented by organizations looking to encourage educational, cultural and ecological cooperation and are considered actors interacting in an emerging field. Both incumbents and challengers have yet to develop more extensive networks in order to have greater influence in the region.

Construction and validation of a matrix for normative evaluation of the integrated health system of the borders

“…Basic outpatient care available to 100% of the population described in the Local Health Diagnosis and Operational Plan. Fabriz LA, Oliveira VC, Zacharias FCM, Valente SH, Ferro D, Pinto IC profit organizations have promoted infrastructure and economic projects to expand the economic, social and political border relations (19) .…”

“…The Brazilian reality is similar to border regions of other countries in the world, as is the case of San Diego - USA and Tijuana - Mexico, where there are also differences with regard to aspects such as language, culture and economy, and thousands of people cross over to the other side daily, especially Mexican workers to work. In recent years, in San Diego - Tijuana, public and private non-profit organizations have promoted infrastructure and economic projects to expand the economic, social and political border relations ( 19 ) .…”

Opportunities for reinforcing cross-border railway connections: the case of the Liège (Belgium) – Maastricht (the Netherlands) connection

“…The integrated governance of CB regions has been highlighted as success factors for improving the policy capacity of these regions (Klatt & Herrmann, 2011;EC, 2016;Harguindéguy & Sánchez Sánchez, 2017;Mendoza & Dupeyron, 2017). The creation of an official juridical status for the EMR was a step in the right direction.…”

Cross-border regional innovation ecosystems: the role of non-profit organizations in cross-border cooperation at the US-Mexico border

“…Earlier studies on the US-Mexico border have highlighted how several NPOs have emerged to respond to social and environmental challenges in cross-border contexts (Sparrow 2001;Ganster and Collins 2017;Mendoza and Dupeyron 2017). As such, "intermediary organizations" (Rissola et al 2017), like NPOs, can hold important roles within networks underpinning regional innovation ecosystems (Hautamäki and Oksanen 2015;Glückler et al 2017) particularly in cross-border regions, where NPOs can heighten their importance by bringing actors together across the border.…”

“…Moreover, despite the fact that CBC is naturally controlled by federal governments, the main achievements of CBC in the San Diego-Tijuana region have been accomplished by local organizations (Mendoza 2017). Secondly, in the US-Mexico case the NPOs have emerged in response to various societal challenges and are now embedded in crossborder governance and cooperation processes (Sparrow 2001;Mendoza and Dupeyron 2017). Thirdly, although the San Diego-Tijuana region has attracted scholarly attention before, these earlier works have focused on economic integration (Mendoza 2017;Mendoza and Dupeyron 2017), the role of borders in the making of cross-border bi-national cities, twin cities or metropolises (Sparrow 2001;Ganster and Collins 2017;Herzog and Sohn 2017), but have overlooked important issues such as the role of NPOs in crossborder innovation, the concepts of CBRIS and CBRIE, and the methodological limitations of contemporary social network analysis tools in cross-border contexts.…”