Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for <scp><i>Leptoglossus zonatus</i></scp> (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) infesting seed maize

Foresti, Josemar; Bastos, Cristina Schetino; Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Silva, Paulo Ricardo da

doi:10.1002/ps.4671

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Leptoglossus zonatus has a wide geographic range across its presumptive origins in the Western Hemisphere [27,28] and an equally broad range of crops that it can damage (e.g., [29,30,31,32,33]). Here, we report that in California’s San Joaquin Valley, L. zonatus has three distinct generations per year (Figure 2) with the adult stage being the principle overwintering stage (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Its Implications for Control in Almonds and Pistachios

Daane

Yokota

Wilson

2019

Insects

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Leptoglossus zonatus is a polyphagous pest found throughout much of the Western Hemisphere. In California, L. zonatus attacks almond, pistachio, pomegranate, and walnut crops, but the seasonal use of and economic damage to these crops varies. To better understand the seasonal changes of L. zonatus populations and to improve monitoring programs in California’s San Joaquin Valley, we caged overwintering adult males and females and then followed the resulting population dynamics over a one-year period. There were three generations over the one-year period, although eggs, nymphs, and adults overlapped among successive generations. From an initial 75 overwintering adult females, there were 1214 egg strands, 16,692 nymphs, and 4900 adults recorded during the one-year period. Depending on the generation, the number of nymphs per egg strand ranged from 11.3 to 14.3; the sex ratio was close to 1:1 with the exception of one female-biased cage; and nymph mortality ranged from 22.0% to 39.5%. Adult females isolated from each generation produced 2.4–5.1 egg strands per female that totaled 41.7–61.7 eggs per female with a 67.1–86.8% successful hatch rate. We find that the adult is the overwintering stage, as more adults (without food provisions) survived the winter compared to medium-sized or large-sized nymphs provided with both food and water. The results are discussed with respect to the development of L. zonatus control and monitoring programs for California’s multi-billion-dollar (US) nut crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Its Implications for Control in Almonds and Pistachios

Daane

Yokota

Wilson

2019

Insects

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“…This author used Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) as a control product, finding the EIL when 33% of the plants had 4-5 foliar damage grade. However, no EIL or action thresholds (AT) have been developed for this pest insect based on insecticides; most of the ones found in maize have been settled for other minor pests (Foresti et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Economic injury level and action thresholds for Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize crops

Jaramillo-Barrios

Varón-Devia

Monje-Andrade

2020

Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín

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Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is the pest insect that produces the highest losses in maize production in the tropics and neotropics. Its control in Colombia comprises about 10% of the total production costs. The aim of this study was to determine the economic injury level (EIL) and define action thresholds (ATs) for this insect pest in the maize hybrids 30F35R and 30F35HR (with Cry1F protein) in Espinal, Colombia. In two sowing cycles, a completely randomized design was established for each maize hybrid to measure their yield response at four insect population levels (a control without any applications of insecticides and applications at 2, 5, and 10 larvae per 10 plants). For 30F35R, an inverse relationship was found between levels of infestation and yields; meanwhile, for 30F35HR, only during the first cycle this relationship was found. The EIL calculated for 30F35R showed an average of 2.6 and 1.9 larvae per 10 plants in the first and second cycles, respectively, and 2.8 for 30F35HR in the first cycle. Two ATs were established, one in the period from 0 to 20 days after emergence (DAE) and another from 20 to 40 DAE. The threshold for 30F35R from 0 to 20 DAE showed an average of 1.8 larvae per 10 plants in both cycles, while, from 20 to 40 DAE, it was 2.0 and 1.7 in the first and second cycles, respectively. In 30F35HR, the thresholds were 2.1 and 2.5 larvae per 10 plants on average for both periods of the first cycle, respectively. These results can be considered as a tool within integrated pest management that also includes biological and cultural control strategies.

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“…Selecting the ideal pest characteristic for sampling is the first step to develop representative and accurate samplings plans (Moura et al, ). In addition, understanding which characteristic represents the pest damage is the primary step for developing appropriate economic injury levels (Foresti, Bastos, Fernandes, & Silva, ; Moura et al, ; Pereira et al, ). Therefore, aphid counts should not only be considered as most appropriate for sampling, but also to develop economic injury levels for A. gossypii in cotton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selecting the ideal pest characteristic for sampling is the first step to develop representative and accurate samplings plans (Moura et al, 2007). In addition, understanding which characteristic represents the pest damage is the primary step for developing appropriate economic injury levels (Foresti, Bastos, Fernandes, & Silva, 2018;Moura et al, 2018;Pereira et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized sampling plan for Aphis gossypii based on the cotton cultivar, plant phenology and crop size

Araújo

Araujo

Silva

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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A standardized sampling plan is the starting point for developing a decision‐making system for pest control. Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a destructive sap‐feeding pest on cotton worldwide. However, research addressing cotton cultivar, plant phenology and field size with the aim of developing a sampling plan for A. gossypii has not been done. Therefore, in this study, we developed a standardized sampling for A. gossypii as a function of these factors. To accomplish this, A. gossypii densities in four experimental cotton cultivars were sampled weekly during year one to determine the ideal aphid characteristic to sample (by individual or colony). During year one and two, A. gossypii densities were sampled weekly in the same cultivars to determine sampling unit, sampling technique and the number of samples for an A. gossypii sampling plan. Using the sample number determined, the sampling time was recorded for cotton field size of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 150 ha in order to estimate the sampling cost. In cotton, the count of individuals was the best characteristic for the assessment of A. gossypii. Leaves of the most apical branches for the vegetative and reproductive cotton plant stage were the best sampling units. The best sampling technique was direct counting. The cotton cultivar did not affect the development of the sampling plan. The A. gossypii sampling plan involved the evaluation of 58 samples per zone and required 20 min (<0.35 min/sample) for the evaluation of these samples. However, the walking time between samples was the main factor responsible for the total sampling time and cost in cotton fields, and this factor strongly depends on the size of the cotton field.

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Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) infesting seed maize

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Seasonal Dynamics of the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Its Implications for Control in Almonds and Pistachios

Seasonal Dynamics of the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Its Implications for Control in Almonds and Pistachios

Economic injury level and action thresholds for Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize crops

Standardized sampling plan for Aphis gossypii based on the cotton cultivar, plant phenology and crop size

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