Economic impacts of policies affecting crop biotechnology and trade

Anderson, Kym

doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2010.05.012

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…, 2009). However, the use of transgenic plants has its drawbacks, with public concern in certain parts of the world (Anderson, 2010) about the transfer of transgenes to surrounding nontransgenic crops and the possibility of food chain contamination (Fox, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main advantages of using plants, and in particular plant chloroplasts, to express biopharmaceuticals and other high-value proteins is the extremely favourable scale-up potential associated with plants grown in the field, both in terms of yield and maintenance costs (reviewed in Daniell et al, 2009). However, the use of transgenic plants has its drawbacks, with public concern in certain parts of the world (Anderson, 2010) about the transfer of transgenes to surrounding nontransgenic crops and the possibility of food chain contamination (Fox, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contained and high‐level production of recombinant protein in plant chloroplasts using a temporary immersion bioreactor

Michoux

Ahmad

McCarthy

et al. 2010

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryChloroplast transformation is a promising approach for the commercial production of recombinant proteins in plants. However, gene containment still remains an issue for the large-scale cultivation of transplastomic plants in the field. Here, we have evaluated the potential of using tobacco transplastomic cell suspensions for the fully contained production of a modified form of the green fluorescent protein (GFP+) and, a vaccine antigen, fragment C of tetanus toxin (TetC). Expression of these proteins in cell suspension cultures (and calli) was much less than in leaves, reaching 0.5%-1.5% of total soluble protein (TSP), but still produced 2.4-7.2 mg ⁄ L of liquid culture. Much better expression levels were achieved with a novel protein production platform in which transgenic cell suspension cultures were placed in a temporary immersion bioreactor in the presence of Thidiazuron to initiate shoot formation. GFP+ yield reached 660 mg ⁄ L of bioreactor (33% TSP), and TetC accumulated to about 95 mg ⁄ L (8% TSP). This new production platform, combining the rapid generation of transplastomic cell suspension cultures and the use of temporary immersion bioreactors, is a promising route for the fully contained low-cost production of recombinant proteins in chloroplasts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contained and high‐level production of recombinant protein in plant chloroplasts using a temporary immersion bioreactor

Michoux

Ahmad

McCarthy

et al. 2010

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…Many have argued that sub-Saharan Africa has a pressing need to adopt GM technology if it is to address its ever-growing food security problem [61]. Given the prerequisite requirement for a cost-effective and robust environmental risk assessment (ERA) framework before adoption, this approach offers disproportionate benefits to the region by reducing time and financial resources required to compile ERAs in areas of high species richness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Barcoding Simplifies Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Crops in Biodiverse Regions

2012

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Transgenes encoding for insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins from the soil-dwelling bacterium Bacillus Thuringiensis have been widely introduced into Genetically Modified (GM) crops to confer protection against insect pests. Concern that these transgenes may also harm beneficial or otherwise valued insects (so-called Non Target Organisms, NTOs) represents a major element of the Environmental Risk Assessments (ERAs) used by all countries prior to commercial release. Compiling a comprehensive list of potentially susceptible NTOs is therefore a necessary part of an ERA for any Cry toxin-containing GM crop. In partly-characterised and biodiverse countries, NTO identification is slowed by the need for taxonomic expertise and time to enable morphological identifications. This limitation represents a potentially serious barrier to timely adoption of GM technology in some developing countries. We consider Bt Cry1A cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Nigeria as an exemplar to demonstrate how COI barcoding can provide a simple and cost-effective means of addressing this problem. Over a period of eight weeks, we collected 163 insects from cowpea flowers across the agroecological and geographic range of the crop in Nigeria. These individuals included 32 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) spanning four Orders and that could mostly be assigned to genus or species level. They included 12 Lepidopterans and two Coleopterans (both potentially sensitive to different groups of Cry proteins). Thus, barcode-assisted diagnoses were highly harmonised across groups (typically to genus or species level) and so were insensitive to expertise or knowledge gaps. Decisively, the entire study was completed within four months at a cost of less than 10,000 US$. The broader implications of the findings for food security and the capacity for safe adoption of GM technology are briefly explored.

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“…Economic Benefits GE traits also bring economic benefits for farmers and consumers [5]. Efficiencies and reduced agricultural production costs economically benefit both growers and consumers by making food more affordable [80]. The addition of GE tools can also be incorporated into integrated pest management and integrated weed management programs to preserve control options over time (durability).…”

Section: Health Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%