Economic impacts of landslides and floods on a road network

Winter, M G; Peeling, David; Palmer, Derek; Peeling, James

doi:10.14712/23361980.2019.18

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The method used employs a quantitative risk assessment technique that combines the economic, social, and environmental costs of closure with the weighted damage probabilities of the bridge calculated through fragility and vulnerability functions. This approach gives plausible results when compared with those produced by Winter et al (2019) using the queues and delays at roadworks model to estimate the direct consequential economic impacts of landslides and floods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect consequential economic impacts, including longer-term impacts on businesses or tourism. These classifications have been used by Winter et al (2014Winter et al ( , 2019 and Milne et al (2016) to develop the economic costs of landslide and flood (pluvial and coastal) events and their work typically identified the direct consequential economic impacts as the most important component of the overall impact. As the queues and delays at roadworks model was used for that work the current paper also serves the function of testing an alternative approach.…”

Section: Economic Impacts Due To Transport Infrastructure Closuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic impact of bridge functionality loss from a resilience perspective: Queensferry Crossing, UK

Smith

Argyroudis

Winter³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engi

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Understanding the resilience of transport networks is critical for efficient asset management. This paper takes an innovative approach to studying the operability of the Queensferry Crossing (QFC) including cost-benefit aspects. A key driver for the QFC was to increase the resilience of the A90/M90 link by reducing weatherrelated closures. The first weather-related closure of the QFC was in February 2020, when ice formed on the superstructure cables and fell on the carriageway and vehicles, creating a safety risk for bridge users. The bridge was closed for 41 hours and in this paper, we compare the estimated monetary losses with those of past FRB closures. The costs of potential mitigation measures are then assessed in the context of closure costs, thus, improving the resilience of the QFC. Although the QFC has only been open for three years, it is already apparent that it is significantly more resilient than the largely replaced FRB, whether this is considered as the number, duration or costs of closures. It was also found that investing in adaptation measures to prevent similar events in the future is cost-effective, as the cost of a de-icing system is approximately equal to the daily cost of the QFC closure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Impacts Due To Transport Infrastructure Closuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic impact of bridge functionality loss from a resilience perspective: Queensferry Crossing, UK

Smith

Argyroudis

Winter³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engi

Self Cite

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“…Closures divert traffic ~88 km, if the Old Military Road (OMR), a one-way convoy diversion below the A83 is closed, casting a vulnerability shadow over 4,300 km 2 ( Fig 1A). A full road closure costs ~£90k per day (2012 prices; Winter et al 2019a) and £13.3m has been spent on protecting the A83 and improving the OMR (Scottish Parliament, 2020). Some debris-flows still exceed mitigation measures and impact the A83 and OMR.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Scotland, debris-flows have repeatedly damaged linear infrastructure resulting in economic and social costs (Winter et al 2019a). Here we demonstrate the use of near-real-time, on-site data to supplement Landslide Management Plans (LMP) and enhance alert capabilities for stakeholders at a debris-flow prone slope in the west of Scotland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and forecasting of shallow landslides: lessons from a natural laboratory

Bainbridge¹,

Lim²,

Dunning³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Shallow landslides are a significant hillslope erosion mechanism and can transform into destructive debris-flows. Limited understanding of the controls on debris-flow initiation, development and deposition results in persistent risk and high impacts where linear infrastructure is affected. Here, we analyse steep slopes above a key road, the A83 Rest and be Thankful, Scotland, where near-real-time rain gauge data, time-lapse camera deformation tracking and seismics allow us to define thresholds for increased debris-flow risk, examine long-term slope creep and, detect debris-flow occurrence. We show the patterns and development of channelized and hillslope debris-flows that act as a key geomorphic agent, accounting for 58% of landslide source volume over 13-years. On-slope rainfall data allow us to quantify the effect of antecedent rainfall and storm intensity-duration on landslide triggering and develop new local thresholds over which landslides are likely to occur. To better equip asset managers, we use time-lapse imagery vector tracking to detect slope instabilities, and deformation rates to calculate inverse-velocity values to indicate if This is a non-peer reviewed EarthArXiv preprint 3 failure is imminent. Low-cost seismometers are used to detect when a debris-flow has occurred and locate the source area. The suite of sensors has provided vital information both prior to failure, and during debris-flows to support operational decision-making for authorities dealing with complex slope hazards.

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“…In 2020-21, as a result of debris flow activity the A83 was closed for approximately 120 days. It is estimated that the disruption caused by these events, on average, cost the authorities £90,000 daily [7]. The volumetric magnitude of debris flows source areas ranged from 1.28 m 3 to 333 m 3 , whilst creep movements (which did not immediately lead to a debrisflow and are difficult to place volume estimates on) affected areas ranging from 7.34 m 2 to 1584.62 m 2 .…”

Section: Site and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Automatic Slope Monitoring Using Vector Tracking Analyses on Live-Streamed Time-Lapse Imagery

et al. 2021

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Identifying precursor events that allow the timely forecasting of landslides, thereby enabling risk reduction, is inherently difficult. Here we present a novel, low cost, flow visualization technique using time-lapsed imagery (TLI) that allows real time analysis of slope movement. This approach is applied to the Rest and Be Thankful slope, Argyle, Scotland, where past debris flows have blocked the A83 or forced preemptive closure. TLI of the Rest and Be Thankful are taken from a fixed station, 28 mm lens, time lapse camera every 15 min. Imagery is filtered to counter the effects of misalignment from wind induced vibration of the camera, asymmetric lighting, and fog. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithms are then run to produce slope movement velocity vectors. PIV generated vectors are automatically post-processed to separate vectors generated by slope movement from false positives generated by harsh environmental conditions. Results for images over a 20-day period indicated precursor slope movement initiated by a rainfall event, a period of quiescence for 10 days, followed by a large landslide failure during proceeding rainfall where over 3000 tons of sediment reached the road. Results suggest low cost, live streamed TLI and this novel PIV approach correctly detect and, importantly, report precursor slope movement, allowing early warning, effective management and landslide impact mitigation. Future applications of this technique will allow the development of an effective decision-making tool for asset management of the A83, reducing the risk to life of motorists. The technique can also be applied to other critical infrastructure sites, allowing hazard risk reduction.

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Economic impacts of landslides and floods on a road network

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Economic impact of bridge functionality loss from a resilience perspective: Queensferry Crossing, UK

Economic impact of bridge functionality loss from a resilience perspective: Queensferry Crossing, UK

Detection and forecasting of shallow landslides: lessons from a natural laboratory

Low-Cost Automatic Slope Monitoring Using Vector Tracking Analyses on Live-Streamed Time-Lapse Imagery

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