Economic feasibility study of a fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system for a data centre

Sevencan, Suat; Lindbergh, Göran; Alvfors, Per

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.012

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This demonstrates the second key feature of DCP-IESs: high carbon emissions. Additionally, IDCs exhibit a cascade energy use structure, e.g., IT equipment generally consumes high-grade energy, whereas cooling equipment uses low-grade energy [9]. Data center energy consumption involves not only consumption from web servers and private branch exchanges but also consumption from air conditioning systems (ACS), power distribution units, uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), and illuminating and switching units [4].…”

Section: Dcp-iess and Their Key Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dcp-iess and Their Key Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each device, on the one hand, its output must be positive except cooling storage, as shown in Equation (8). On the other hand, the output of all devices cannot be continuously reduced to zero and must always be less than the rated capacity, as shown in Equation (9).…”

Section: Configuration Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Configuration Optimization Model for Data-Center-Park-Integrated Energy Systems under Economic, Reliability, and Environmental Considerations

Liu

et al. 2020

Energies

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The analysis of energy configuration in the planning of data-center-park-integrated energy systems (DCP-IESs) has become an enormous challenge, owing to multi-energy complementarity, energy cascade use, and energy security. In this study, a configuration model of DCP-IESs was established to obtain the economic and low-carbon energy uses of the data centers, based on mixed integer linear programming. In the model, carbon emissions were converted to economic indicators through carbon pricing. Then, the configuration model was modified according to the security of the proposed device switching logic, and the Markov-based reliability estimation method was used to ensure the redundant design of the configuration. Using the new energy configuration method, the DCP-IES configuration scheme could be obtained under economical, low-carbon, and high reliability conditions. A data center park in Shanghai was selected as a case study, and the results are as follows: it will only take 2.88 years for the economics of DCP-IES to reach those of traditional data center energy systems. Additionally, the use of configuration model in DCP-IES would result in a reduction in annual carbon emissions of 39,323 tons, with a power usage effectiveness of 1.388, whereas an increase in reliability results in an increasingly faster increase in the initial investment cost.

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Section: Dcp-iess and Their Key Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dcp-iess and Their Key Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Configuration Optimization Model for Data-Center-Park-Integrated Energy Systems under Economic, Reliability, and Environmental Considerations

Liu

et al. 2020

Energies

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“…Sevencan et al [50] carried out an economic study on the use of an MCFC coupled with VARS for data centre cooling and concluded that the system was not economically feasible due to high capital and Operational & Maintenance (OM) costs and also that the lifetime of the current MCFC stacks was too short. This was a pure economical study and no technical details, besides the type of the MCFC (DFC300 from Fuel Cell Energy), were provided.…”

Section: Absorption Refrigeration Systems Coupled To Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of engine exhaust and fuel cell exhaust with vapour absorption refrigeration/air conditioning systems for transport applications: A review

Venkataraman

Pandya

Amakiri

et al. 2020

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress

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“…The early studies of CCHP system optimization mainly focus on the system cost minimization [6][7][8][9][10]. Recently, researchers have started to consider system reliability and environmental sustainability, in addition to the system cost [4,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Renewable Energy Integrated CCHP System Using PICEA-g

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Energies

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The integration of renewable energies into combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the optimization of renewable energies integrated CCHP (RECCHP) systems (i.e., optimal component configurations) is far from being well addressed, especially in isolated mode. This study aims to fill this research gap. A multi-objective optimization model characterizing the system reliability, system cost, and environmental sustainability is constructed. In this model, the objectives include minimization of annual total cost (ATC), carbon dioxide emission (CDE), and loss of energy supply probability (LESP). The decision variables representing the configuration of the RECCHP system include the number of photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines (WTs), the tilt angle of PV panels, the height of WTs, the maximum fuel consumption, and the capacity of battery and heat storage tanks (HSTs). The multi-objective model is solved by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, namely, the preference-inspired coevolutionary algorithm (PICEA-g), resulting in a set of Pareto optimal (trade-off) solutions. Then, a decision-making process is demonstrated, selecting a preferred solution amongst those trade-off solutions by further considering the decision-maker preferences. Furthermore, on the optimization of the RECCHP system, operational strategies (i.e., following electric load, FEL, and following thermal load, FTL) are considered, respectively. Experimental results show that the FEL and FTL strategies lead to different optimal configurations. In general, the FTL is recommended in summer and winter, while the FEL is more suitable for spring and autumn. Compared with traditional energy systems, RECCHP has better economic and environmental advantages.

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Economic feasibility study of a fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system for a data centre

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Configuration Optimization Model for Data-Center-Park-Integrated Energy Systems under Economic, Reliability, and Environmental Considerations

Configuration Optimization Model for Data-Center-Park-Integrated Energy Systems under Economic, Reliability, and Environmental Considerations

Coupling of engine exhaust and fuel cell exhaust with vapour absorption refrigeration/air conditioning systems for transport applications: A review

Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Renewable Energy Integrated CCHP System Using PICEA-g

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