Economic Feasibility Assessment of the Thermal Catalytic Process of Wastes: Açaí Seeds (Euterpe oleracea) and Scum from Grease Traps

Amaral, Anderson Rocha; Bernar, Lucas Pinto; Ferreira, Caio Campos; Oliveira, Romero Moreira de; Pereira, Anderson Mathias; Pereira, Lia Martins; Santos, Marcelo Costa; Assunção, Fernanda Paula da Costa; Bezerra, Kelly Christina Alves; Almeida, Hélio da Silva; Mendonça, Neyson Martins; Tavares, Antônio de Noronha; Pereira, José Almir Rodrigues; Mota, Sílvio Alex Pereira da; Castro, Douglas Alberto Rocha de; Duvoisin, Sérgio; Júnior, Antônio Augusto Martins Pereira; Machado, Nélio Teixeira

doi:10.3390/en15207718

Cited by 7 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The calculation methodology, described in details by Amaral et al [26], was applied to compute revenues and expenses using crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) and using palm oil neutralizing sludge as raw material. The additional process step to include the cost of desiccant and dehydration are given in items 2.4.1 and 2.4.2, respectively.…”

Section: Calculation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the economic feasibility of thermal catalytic process of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm oil neutralizing sludge (PONE), followed by distillation of organic liquid products to produce biofuels, has been studied not only to evaluate the best investment alternative, but also to evaluate the viable project according criteria of project evaluation [26]. The economic feasibility analysis based on the following economic methods: simple payback criterion, discounted payback, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and index of profitability (IP), as described in details by Rocha et al [26]. It was also calculated the breakeven-point, the minimum sale price (MFSP) and an analysis of sensibility for each process [26].…”

Section: Brazilian Energy Matrix (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economic feasibility analysis based on the following economic methods: simple payback criterion, discounted payback, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and index of profitability (IP), as described in details by Rocha et al [26]. It was also calculated the breakeven-point, the minimum sale price (MFSP) and an analysis of sensibility for each process [26].…”

Section: Brazilian Energy Matrix (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indicators of project evaluation were discribed in detlais by Amaral et al [26]. The indicators used were the simple payback, discounted payback, net present value (NPV), internal rate return (IRR) andindex of profitability (IP).…”

Section: Project Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results for the yields of thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil and distillation of organic liquid products [27,29], are shown in supplementary Table S0. An important point to note is that only an estimated value of the distillation yield is shared due to problems encountered during the pilot unit distillation experiments (the results of yield distillation used was around 60% to the stand experiments according [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Supplementary Table S1 presents the characterization of crude palm oil used as raw material by thermal catalytic cracking with 10% (wt.)…”

Section: Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic Analysis of Thermal Catalytic Process of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineesensis, Jacq) and Soap Phase Residue of Neutralization Process of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis, Jacq)

Amaral¹,

Bernar²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This work aims to investigate systematically the tecno-economic feasibility of ther-mos-catalytic cracking process for two solid waste materials, a lipid-base material (re-sidual fat/scum from retention box of the University Restaurant of UFPA) and a lig-nin-cellulosic material Açaí seed (Euterpe oleracea. Mart). The thermo-catalytic process-es were carried out in pilot scale (THERMTEK/LEQ/UFPA/IME/RJ), and their economic feasibility analyzed. The yields of biofuels produced by fractional distillation were al-so studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the raw materials, the organic liquid product (bio-oil) and the chemical composition of kerosene, light-diesel and heavy-diesel from the lipid-base material, as well as those of kerosene and light-diesel from the Açaí seed were also determined. The economic indicators for the evaluation of the most viable cracking (pyrolysis) and distillation process of bio-oils were: a) the sim-ple payback criterion, b) discounted payback, c) net present value (NPV), d) internal rate of return (IRR), and e) index of profitability (IP). The analysis of the indicators showed the economic viability of crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) and unfeasibil-ity for the palm oil neutralization. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) obtained is this work for the biofuels was of 1.34 US$/L) and the breakeven point obtained was of 1.28 US$/L. The sensibility analysis demonstrated that the pyrolysis and distillation yields are the most important variables to affect the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP).

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Section: Calculation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brazilian Energy Matrix (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brazilian Energy Matrix (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Project Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic Analysis of Thermal Catalytic Process of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineesensis, Jacq) and Soap Phase Residue of Neutralization Process of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis, Jacq)

Amaral¹,

Bernar²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Economic Feasibility Study for the Use of Municipal Household Solid Waste (Organic Matter + Paper) Fraction for the Production of Biogas, Coke and Biofuels by Pyrolysis Process

Rodrigues,

Amaral,

Assunção

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this study, the objective is to analyze the economic viability of municipal household solid waste (organic matter + paper) for the production of gas, coke and biofuel through the pyrolysis and distillation process. The waste was collected in the city of Belém do Pará-Brazil and pre-treated at UFPA. The analyzed fraction (organic matter + paper) was subjected to pre-treatment of drying, crushing, sieving and was subsequently subjected to proximate characterization and finally pyrolysis of the organic fraction (organic matter + paper) in a fixed bed reactor. Initially, it was necessary to review the literature and with the yields obtained by pyrolysis of the frac-tion, economic feasibility analyzes were carried out. The economic indicators for evaluating the most viable pyrolysis process were: simple payback, discounted payback, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (IL). The analysis of the indicators showed the economic viability considering an analysis horizon of 10 years, of materials based on organic material and paper. The break-even point obtained was 0.96 US$/L and the minimum biofuel sales price (MFSP – “Minimum Fuel Sale Price”) obtained in this work was 1.30 US$/L. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that material costs (organic matter + paper), bio-oil yield, total project investment and electricity, respectively, are the variables that most affect the mini-mum biofuel sales price (MFSP).

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Improving the Antioxidant Activity, Yield, and Hydrocarbon Content of Bio-Oil from the Pyrolysis of Açaí Seeds by Chemical Activation: Effect of Temperature and Molarity

Valois,

Bezerra,

Assunção

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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Biomass-derived products are a promising way to substitute the necessity for petroleum-derived products, since lignocellulosic material is widely available in our atmosphere and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs), due to zero net emissions of CO2. This study explores the impact of temperature and molarity on the pyrolysis of açaí seeds (Euterpe oleracea, Mart.) activated with KOH and subsequently on the yield of bio-oil, hydrocarbon content of bio-oil, antioxidant activity of bio-oil, and chemical composition of the aqueous phase. The experiments were carried out at 350, 400, and 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, with 2.0 M KOH, and at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, with 0.5 M, 1.0 M, and 2.0 M KOH, at laboratory scale. The composition of bio-oils and the aqueous phase were determined by GC-MS, while the acid value, a physicochemical property of fundamental importance in biofuels, was determined by AOCS methods. The antioxidant activity of bio-oils was determined by the TEAC method. The solid phase (biochar) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diffractograms identified the presence of Kalicinite (KHCO3) in biochar, and those higher temperatures favor the formation peaks of Kalicinite (KHCO3). The pyrolysis of açaí seeds activated with KOH show bio-oil yields from 3.19 to 6.79 (wt.%), aqueous phase yields between 20.34 and 25.57 (wt.%), solid phase yields (coke) between 33.40 and 43.37 (wt.%), and gas yields from 31.85 to 34.45 (wt.%). The yield of bio-oil shows a smooth exponential increase with temperature. The acidity of bio-oil varied between 12.3 and 257.6 mg KOH/g, decreasing exponentially with temperature, while that of the aqueous phase varied between 17.9 and 118.9 mg KOH/g, showing an exponential decay behavior with temperature and demonstrating that higher temperatures favor not only the yield of bio-oil but also bio-oils with lower acidity. For the experiments with KOH activation, the GC-MS of bio-oil identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, and esters). The concentration of hydrocarbons varied between 10.19 and 25.71 (area.%), increasing with temperature, while that of oxygenates varied between 52.69 and 72.15 (area.%), decreasing with temperature. For the experiments with constant temperature, the concentrations of hydrocarbons in bio-oil increased exponentially with molarity, while those of oxygenates decreased exponentially, showing that higher molarities favor the formation of hydrocarbons in bio-oil. The antioxidant activity of bio-oils decreases with increasing temperature, as the content of phenolic compounds decreases, and it decreases with increasing KOH molarity, as higher molarities favor the formation of hydrocarbons. Finally, it can be concluded that chemical activation of açaí seeds with KOH favors not only the yield of bio-oil but also the content of hydrocarbons. The study of process variables is of utmost importance in order to clearly assess reaction mechanisms, economic viability, and design goals that could be derived from chemically activated biomass pyrolysis processes. The study of the antioxidant properties of pyrolysis oils provides insight into new products derived from biomass pyrolysis.

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Economic Feasibility Assessment of the Thermal Catalytic Process of Wastes: Açaí Seeds (Euterpe oleracea) and Scum from Grease Traps

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Economic Analysis of Thermal Catalytic Process of Palm Oil (<em>Elaeis Guineesensis, </em>Jacq) and Soap Phase Residue of Neutralization Process of Palm Oil (<em>Elaeis Guineensis</em>, Jacq)

Economic Analysis of Thermal Catalytic Process of Palm Oil (<em>Elaeis Guineesensis, </em>Jacq) and Soap Phase Residue of Neutralization Process of Palm Oil (<em>Elaeis Guineensis</em>, Jacq)

Economic Feasibility Study for the Use of Municipal Household Solid Waste (Organic Matter + Paper) Fraction for the Production of Biogas, Coke and Biofuels by Pyrolysis Process

Improving the Antioxidant Activity, Yield, and Hydrocarbon Content of Bio-Oil from the Pyrolysis of Açaí Seeds by Chemical Activation: Effect of Temperature and Molarity

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