“…In (10), E P,r denotes the rated energy storage capacity of the PHS, while P D,ref and P D,ref represent the dispatch power reference signals obtained at t 0 and before t 0 , respectively. Also in (10) and as alluded to earlier, over the y-hours interval t 0 ≤ t ≤ t 1 , P D,ref (t) is set equal to the forecast P L,f (t) made before t 0 , as reflected by the curves A-B in Fig. 6(a) and Fig.…”
Section: B Determination Of the Dispatch Plan Reference Signalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A more sustainable and promising alternative to the provision of the conventional reserves is to utilize energy storage systems (ESSs). This awareness of the potential use of ESSs leads to a large body of recent works on dispatchable wind farms equipped with centralized ESSs, where the ESS could be in the form of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) [3], [5], [6], superconducting magnetic energy storage systems [7], pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) systems [8], compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems [9], and power-to-gas [10]. Research attention has also been directed toward the design of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) for wind power dispatch planning [11], [12].…”
“…In (10), E P,r denotes the rated energy storage capacity of the PHS, while P D,ref and P D,ref represent the dispatch power reference signals obtained at t 0 and before t 0 , respectively. Also in (10) and as alluded to earlier, over the y-hours interval t 0 ≤ t ≤ t 1 , P D,ref (t) is set equal to the forecast P L,f (t) made before t 0 , as reflected by the curves A-B in Fig. 6(a) and Fig.…”
Section: B Determination Of the Dispatch Plan Reference Signalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A more sustainable and promising alternative to the provision of the conventional reserves is to utilize energy storage systems (ESSs). This awareness of the potential use of ESSs leads to a large body of recent works on dispatchable wind farms equipped with centralized ESSs, where the ESS could be in the form of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) [3], [5], [6], superconducting magnetic energy storage systems [7], pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) systems [8], compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems [9], and power-to-gas [10]. Research attention has also been directed toward the design of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) for wind power dispatch planning [11], [12].…”
“…In [21], a novel energy control method associated with DRL is proposed to solve the problem of economic optimization in an integrated energy system combining wind and dynamic gas technologies. In [22][23][24], P2G technology was introduced into the power system as a promising option to increase the wind power dispatch in the power system, considering electricity to gas as a practical solution to accommodate the variability of wind power generation output, and also providing a research-based support for the coupling and coordinated operation of the power and natural gas systems.…”
Aiming at the problem of insufficient flexibility of the power system caused by large-scale wind power grid integration, a flexible economic dispatch model of the electricity-gas integrated system that considers power-to-gas and demand responses is proposed. First, it elaborates on the scheduling flexibility and demand response model. Secondly, the power system and the natural gas system are regarded as different stakeholders; with the goal of minimizing their respective operating costs, a two-tier distributed coordination optimization model of electricity and gas system is established. In order to achieve the coordination and optimization of the upper and lower systems, slack variables are introduced to describe the infeasible part of the power system scheduling results in the natural gas system and are used for interactive iterative solution of the model. The numerical results of the revised IEEE 30-node power system and 10-node natural gas system illustrate the effectiveness and necessity of the proposed model, as well as the superiority of comprehensively considering power-to-gas and demand response in improving the flexibility and economy of the power system.
“…In order to accommodate the fluctuating wind power, power-togas (P2G) technology arises and provides a promising solution [11][12][13]. P2G reserves electric energy by producing methane and injecting it into the natural gas systems [14].…”
Power-to-gas (P2G) provides a promising solution to accommodate wind power in recent years, which accelerates the integration of the power system and gas network, as well as the development of the integrated demand response. This study proposes a two-layer scheduling framework to coordinate P2G and FlexGas as demand response in the integrated power and gas system (IPGS) under wind power uncertainties. Firstly, the model for FlexGas technology is developed, enabling the end-users to switch between natural gas and electricity to produce heat. In the upper-layer optimisation, considering the optimal use of the linepack storage of the natural gas system, a two-stage stochastic scheduling model for the IPGS is established. In the lower-layer optimisation, the aggregated model reflecting the heterogeneity of the FlexGas users is derived. Simulation results on the integrated IEEE 39-bus power system and 27-node gas system show that the coordinated demand response can reduce the wind curtailment and improve economic efficiency for the IPGS. Moreover, the two-layer scheduling framework is validated to be effective and computationally efficient.
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