Economic Development without Pre-Requisites: How Bolivian Producers Met Strict Food Safety Standards and Dominated the Global Brazil-Nut Market

Coslovsky, Salo

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.07.012

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The export market of shelled nuts began in the Brazilian municipality of Marabá in the state of Pará in the Eastern Amazon, and was dominated for decades by the oligarchic Mutran family in the mid-1900s. In 1998, European importers raised their quality standards for Brazil nuts and Brazilian exporters' access to the European market was impeded (Newing and Harrop 2000;Coslovsky 2014). Other reasons given for the decline of Brazil nut production in Brazil include less productive trees in the Eastern Amazon, deficient infrastructure for transport and storage, and the lack of policies and programs to incentivize production (Toledo et al 2016).…”

Section: Supply Chains Cooperatives and Certificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bolivia, processing industries, with support from government regulators effectively met food safety standards and did not lose access to the important European markets (Cronkleton and Pacheco 2010). At present, Bolivia dominates the global Brazil nut processing and export market (Coslovsky 2014). As of 2013, Bolivia produced 52 %, Brazil 42 % and Peru 6 %, according to FAOSTAT (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home).…”

Section: Supply Chains Cooperatives and Certificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The construction of multiple highways and dams in the region, national support for mining projects, and the conflictual land occupation that followed, all contributed to the massive devastation of Brazil nut-rich forests along with a major decline in Brazil nut production at the national level (Homma 2001;Coslovsky 2014). Thus, key to promoting the long-term sustainability of Brazil nut-rich forests are domestic efforts to curb deforestation.…”

Section: Curbing Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to timber regulations, Brazil nut harvesters in Peru, for example, are separately mandated to comply with complex procedures for harvesting, transporting and selling the nuts (Perales and Guariguata 2015) from within the same forest location. That said, Bolivia's success in dominating the global Brazil nut export market (Coslovsky 2014) has relied less on harvesters following government-led regulations and norms, and more on adapting to international market and trade forces.…”

Section: Promoting Integrated Management Approaches and Sustainable Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the Brazil nut is the only globally traded seed crop collected from the wild by forest-based harvesters. Brazil nut extraction generates tens of millions of US dollars in annual export value in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia (Coslovsky 2014), the three countries which constitute the focus of this assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

et al. 2017

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The Brazil nut (the seeds of the rainforest tree Bertholletia excelsa) is the only globally traded seed collected from the wild by forest-based harvesters across the Amazon basin. The large geographic scale of Brazil nut exploitation and the significant contributions to local livelihoods, national economies, and forest-based development over the last decades, merit a review of the ''conservation-through-use'' paradigm. We use Elinor Ostrom's framework for assessing sustainability in socioecological systems: (1) resource unit, (2) users, (3) governance system, and (4) resource system, to determine how different contexts and external developments generate specific conservation and development outcomes. We find that the resource unit reacts robustly to the type and level of extraction currently practiced; that resource users have built on a self-organized system that had defined boundaries and access to the resource; that linked production chains, market networks and informal financing work to supply global markets; and that local harvesters have used supporting alliances with NGOs and conservationists to formalize and secure their endogenous governance system and make it more equitable. As a result, the Brazil nut model represents a socioecological system that may not require major changes to sustain productivity. Yet since long-term Brazil nut production seems inextricably tied to a continuous forest cover, and because planted Brazil nut trees currently provide a minimal contribution to total nut production basin-wide, we call to preserve, diversify and intensify production in Brazil nut-rich forests that will inevitably become ever more integrated within human-modified landscapes over time.

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Section: Supply Chains Cooperatives and Certificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supply Chains Cooperatives and Certificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Curbing Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Promoting Integrated Management Approaches and Sustainable Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

et al. 2017

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Genetic threats to the Forest Giants of the Amazon: Habitat degradation effects on the socio‐economically important Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa)

Chiriboga‐Arroyo

Jansen

Lozano

et al. 2020

Plants People Planet

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The Brazil nut is a highly valuable non‐timber forest product from a wild, hyperdominant, emergent tree species that is increasingly vulnerable and exposed to habitat degradation. We provide evidence for how Brazil nut genetic resources are negatively affected by forest degradation and discuss the consequences of this for reproductive success. To avoid negative effects of genetic erosion and inbreeding, we discuss the need to cease large‐scale forest conversion and to promote landscape connectivity. This could support gene flow, maintain genetic diversity across individuals reproducing in clustered patterns, and contribute to securing the long‐termed reproductive viability and resilience of this high socio‐economically and ecologically valuable species.

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Food Safety Regulations and Policies in Latin America

Leake¹

2024

Encyclopedia of Food Safety

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Economic Development without Pre-Requisites: How Bolivian Producers Met Strict Food Safety Standards and Dominated the Global Brazil-Nut Market

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

Genetic threats to the Forest Giants of the Amazon: Habitat degradation effects on the socio‐economically important Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa)

Food Safety Regulations and Policies in Latin America

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