Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour

Lewis, W. Arthur

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x

Cited by 7,577 publications

(4,415 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

3,502

Contrasting

Unclassified

506

Order By: Relevance

“…A second contribution of the paper is to tease out some of the pathways. Our findings relate to an older literature which views structural change as key driver of economic development and poverty reduction (see Lewis, 1954;Kaldor, 1967;Banerjee and Newman, 1993). It is well documented that returns from non-primary sector activities typically exceed those from agriculture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This is true both for India post-1990 and more broadly for low income countries as a whole (Morduch, 1999). 38 Unfortunately, lack of comparable data on microfinance schemes in India makes a direct comparison infeasible. We can, however, get a 'back of the envelope' feel for the cost-benefit ratio for our program and compare this to ratios for microfinance programs in Bangladesh reported in Morduch (1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment

Burgess

Pande

2005

American Economic Review

1,026

625

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lack of access to finance is often cited as a key reason for why poor people remain poor. This paper uses data on the Indian rural branch expansion program to provide empirical evidence on this issue. Between 1977 and 1990, the Indian central bank mandated that a commercial bank can open a branch in a location with one or more bank branches only if it opens four locations with no bank branches. We show that, between 1977 and 1990, this rule caused banks to open relatively more rural branches in Indian states with lower initial financial development. The reverse was true outside this period. We exploit this fact to identify the impact of opening a rural bank on poverty and output. Our estimates suggest that the Indian rural branch expansion program significantly lowered rural poverty, and increased non-agricultural output.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment

Burgess

Pande

2005

American Economic Review

1,026

625

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the rise of development economics theory, the concerns of inequality were linked to the development process, giving an emphasis to the trend of increasing inequality as countries transited from agrarian to industrial societies; see Lewis (1954); Kuznets (1955).…”

Section: The Importance Of Inequality Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Interpersonal Inequality: Trends and Measurement

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper discusses different approaches to the measurement of global interpersonal in equality. Trends in global interpersonal inequality during are measured using data from UNU-WIDER's World Income Inequality Database. In order to better understand the trends, global interpersonal inequality is decomposed into within-country and between-country inequality. The paper illustrates that the relationship between global interpersonal inequality and these constituent components is a complex one. In particular, we demonstrate that the changes in China s and India s income distributions over the past 30 years have simultaneously caused inequality to rise domestically in those countries, while tending to reduce global inter-personal inequality. In light of these findings, we reflect on the meaning and policy relevance of global vis-à-vis domestic inequality measures.Keywords: global interpersonal inequality, inequality, inequality measurement JEL classification: D31, D63, E01, O15 Acknowledgements: We are grateful to seminar participants at the universities of Helsinki, Oxford, Bielefeld, and Beijing Normal University, for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. All the errors are ours. Global interpersonal inequality Trends and measurementMiguel Niño-Zarazúa y , Laurence Roope z and Finn Tarp x ABSTRACT This paper discusses di¤erent approaches to the measurement of global interpersonal inequality. Trends in global interpersonal inequality during 1975-2005 are measured using data from UNU-WIDER's World Income Inequality Database. In order to better understand the trends, global interpersonal inequality is decomposed into within-country and between-country inequality. The paper illustrates that the relationship between global interpersonal inequality and these constituent components is a complex one. In particular, we demonstrate that the changes in China's and India's income distributions over the past 30 years have simultaneously caused inequality to rise domestically in those countries, while tending to reduce global interpersonal inequality. In light of these …ndings, we re ‡ect on the meaning and policy relevance of global vis-à-vis domestic inequality measures.

show abstract

“…In addition to the usual financial cost, migration may encounter psychological and search costs before relocation, loss of social capital and adjustment cost to the new living or working environment and intangible costs arising from life-style changes after relocation (Lewis 1954). In this paper, we use D (> 0) to represent the reduction in the expected utility arising from both tangible and intangible migration costs.…”

Section: Migration Decisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is accepted that urbanization is mainly driven by the large urban-rural gap (Lewis 1954;Harris and Todaro 1970), which accounts for a significant share of the overall income inequality in developing countries (Shorrocks and Wan 2005;Wan 2007; Asian Development Bank (ADB) 2012b, Young 2013). Meanwhile, the overall inequality is closely associated with urbanization or industrialization (Kuznets 1955) although the direction of causality remains debatable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanizing with Equity Consideration

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Asian Development Bank InstituteThe Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI's working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. Guanghua Wan is the director of research at the Asian Development Bank Institute.The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published.Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building, 8th Floor 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, JapanTel:+81-3-3593-5500 Fax:+81-3-3593-5571 URL:www.adbi.org E-mail: info@adbi.org concentration. This paper develops two-sector general equilibrium models of urbanization, with and without equity consideration, respectively. It is shown that considering equity will result in a higher level of urbanization than otherwise, when urban inequality is sufficiently small or migration costs are sufficiently large. Such a theoretical prediction is confirmed by empirical modeling results using panel data from People's Republic of China (PRC). Provincial governments that paid attention to the inequality issue are found to have higher urbanization levels than those that did not.Finally, we explore possible equity consideration-to-urbanization transmission channels, and empirically establish that equity consideration in PRC (e.g., government initiatives towards combating rural poverty or the urban-rural gap) is positively correlated with road density, which helps reduce migration costs, and with bank lending to the manufacturing sector, which helps enhance the pulling force of migration. Thus, policymakers in the developing world should reverse their prevailing anti-urbanization attitudes and practices that tend to slow down urbanization or restrict rural-to-urban migration.

show abstract

Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour

Cited by 7,577 publications

References 0 publications

Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment

Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment

Global Interpersonal Inequality: Trends and Measurement

Urbanizing with Equity Consideration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About