Economic crisis and suicides in Spain. Socio-demographic and regional variability

Ruíz-Pérez, Isabel; Miguel, Rodriguez-Barranco; Antonio, Rojas-Garcia; Mendoza-Garcia, Oscar

doi:10.1007/s10198-016-0774-5

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the increasing trend found in our analysis may reflect the four years recession that started in 2014, as the increase from 2010 to 2014 was 4.9% in the North and 10.5% in the Northeast, while the increase from 2014 to 2017 was 22% in the North and 17% in the Northeast. The relationship between recession and risk of suicide has been well documented before, from the foreclosure crisis in US 16 to more recent cri-sis in Japan 17 , Spain 18 and in Greece 19 and might happen when socioeconomic programmes are not put in place to mitigate the effect of the crisis.…”

Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Austerity policies in Brazil may affect violence related outcomes

Machado¹,

Pescarini²,

Araújo

et al. 2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Economic crisis is often managed with austerity policies. These measures seem to burden the population disproportionately, with the poorer being more affected. This paper aims to investigate health outcomes performance after the recent Brazilian crisis and gauge whether that pattern also emerged. Public domain data from 2010 to 2017 was used, and it was found that suicide and homicide rates increased after 2014, while mortality by road traffic injuries decreased at the same time. Furthermore, these trends were exacerbated in the North and Northeast regions and in the municipalities with the poorest quintiles of Human Development Index (HDI). The austerity policies followed by the Brazilian economic crisis may have influenced the mortality trends due to external causes, with a possible stronger impact in the North and Northeast regions and among less developed municipalities.

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Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Austerity policies in Brazil may affect violence related outcomes

Machado¹,

Pescarini²,

Araújo

et al. 2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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“…A second area of dispute is related to the possible macroeconomic determinants of increasing suicide rates. In general, unemployment is the most widely used indicator of a financial crisis [ 10 , 11 , 22 ], especially in Mediterranean countries such as Spain [ 23 ]. This measure has been proven to have either inconsistent or contradictory results [ 16 ] since there are two-way relationships that mask these effects, such as the existing between unemployment and mental illness [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological barriers to studying the association between the economic crisis and suicide in Spain

Álvarez‐Gálvez¹,

Salinas-Pérez²,

Rodero-Cosano³

et al. 2017

BMC Public Health

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Background: The hypothetical relationship between economic recession and the increase in suicides in Spain is subject to various arguments. In addition to the inherent complexity of capturing and explaining the underlining mechanisms that could describe this causal link, different points of contention have been be identified. The period of this association and its possible starting points, the socioeconomic determinants that may explain the variation in suicide rate, and the data sources available are the main focus of controversy. The present study aims to identify the phases of association between different periods of economic recession and suicide rates, and compare the effect of different social determinants of health that have been mentioned in previous studies. Methods: We have used interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of economic recession on national rates of suicide mortality provided by the Spanish Statistical Office . In an attempt to consider the factors that have affected the study of suicide in Spain, different data sources/periods, predictors, and regions in Spain were analysed. Results: The analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between the Great Recession and suicide rates during the second period of economic recession (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014), while appeared to decrease during the first recession period. However, the first decreasing trend was not statistically significant in the global analysis of the evolution of monthly suicide rates for the entire country. Both unemployment and per capita GDP were positively related to suicide trends. Finally, the regional analysis demonstrates a similar pattern in different Spanish areas. Conclusion: Although previous studies have mentioned the double-dip in the suicide rate associated with the corresponding period of double recession, our study only identify a positive relationship during the second recession period. These results points out that the major impact of economic problems might have had a delayed effect due to initial protection policies.

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“…Studies performed in Spain in the first years of the crisis [18] have reported the same decreasing tendency. However, more recent reports have shown that mortality due to suicide increased after the start of the crisis, especially in men [39,40]. Moreover, two studies based on urban areas did not show an increase in inequalities in suicide mortality during the crisis period [41,42].…”

Section: What Is Already Known and What Does This Study Add?mentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities

Gotsens

Ferrando

Marí-Dell’Olmo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas due to several specific causes before (2001–2004, 2005–2008) and during (2009–2012) the economic crisis in seven Spanish cities. Methods: This ecological study of trends, with census tracts as the areas of analysis, was based on three periods. Several causes of death were studied. A socioeconomic deprivation index was calculated for each census tract. For each small area, we estimated standardized mortality ratios, and controlled for their variability using Bayesian models (sSMR). We also estimated the relative risk of mortality according to deprivation in the different cities, periods, and sexes. Results: In general, a similar geographical pattern was found for the socioeconomic deprivation index and sSMR. For men, there was an association in all cities between the deprivation index and all-cause mortality that remained stable over the three periods. For women, there was an association in Barcelona, Granada, and Sevilla between the deprivation index and all-cause mortality in the third period. Patterns by causes of death were more heterogeneous. Conclusions: After the start of the financial crisis, socioeconomic inequalities in total mortality in small areas of Spanish cities remained stable in most cities, although several causes of death showed a different pattern.

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Economic crisis and suicides in Spain. Socio-demographic and regional variability

Abstract: These results suggest that the Spanish economic crisis has been associated with suicide rates in 2008, 2009, and 2012. These findings are consistent with the double-dip recession that Spain experienced.

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Austerity policies in Brazil may affect violence related outcomes

Austerity policies in Brazil may affect violence related outcomes

Methodological barriers to studying the association between the economic crisis and suicide in Spain

Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities

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