Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities

Gotsens, Mercè; Ferrando, Josep; Marí-Dell’Olmo, Marc; Palència, Laia; Bartoll, Xavier; Gandarillas, Ana; Sánchez‐Villegas, Pablo; Esnaola, Santi; Daponte, Antonio; Borrell, Carme

doi:10.3390/ijerph17030958

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Focusing on the financial crisis effects, we found only one study providing findings about the crisis impact on regional variation in suicide from Spain, which found a maximum gap between regions of about 55-65% [27]. Another study exploring the crisis effects on the variation between seven Spanish cities reported elevated suicide rates associated with crisis in three cities, and no effect in four cities [30]. There is evidence from previous research [31] that social and economic transition may not be uniform, with some regions affected much more than others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Regional Variation and Socio-Economic Determinants of Suicide Mortality in Greece before and during Economic Crisis

2020

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Background. Suicide mortality increased in Greece after the 2008 financial crisis. This study aimed to explore the regional variation of suicide mortality before and after the economic crisis, and its correlation with socio-economic and mental health-related variables factors. Methods. This is a quasi-experimental ecological study. Data from the national mortality statistics were analyzed, and standardized death rates and age-specific mortality rates were calculated. The effect of economic crisis was explored by comparing mortality rates before and after crisis onset. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression were used to assess the impact of socioeconomic and mental health-related factors on suicide mortality. Results. Trends of suicide mortality showed a rise during 2011–2014, followed by a decline during 2015–2016. Significant differences were observed between regions, ranging from 27.6% lower to 54% higher than the national average. Unemployment, income, and change of gross domestic product were significantly correlated with regional variation. No association was found with mental disorder mortality rates and psychotropic drug consumption. Conclusions. Socio-economic factors explained only a part of the suicide mortality variation. Mental health-related factors were not significantly correlated with suicide mortality. More research is needed to investigate other possible determinants of suicides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Regional Variation and Socio-Economic Determinants of Suicide Mortality in Greece before and during Economic Crisis

2020

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“…Differences in mortality rates between districts are linked to many urban phenomena; cities are composed of areas with considerable environmental and social heterogeneity, including serious poverty and very substandard living conditions that are associated with disease, mortality, and substandard levels of health. For example, the impact of the last financial crisis on mortality rates by socio-economic inequalities in small areas in Spain was analysed in a recent paper [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipality Data as a Rapid and Effective Tool to Analyse Spatial and Temporal Variations of All-Cause Mortality by Town District: The Experience in Genoa (Italy)

Contiero

Tagliabue

Tittarelli

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The main objective of this study was to analyse the space–time epidemiological differences by sex during the 2009–2020 period in the total mortality recorded among residents in each of the 25 districts of the Genoa municipality, net of the age effect. The analysis was based on official statistical data relating to total mortality and on the resident population. An estimate of the expected deaths was made to calculate the sex-specific age-standardised mortality ratio (SMR). The temporal trends and age-standardized death rates (SDRs) with respect to those of the European population specific to sex and calendar year were identified for each district. Over the entire observation period, the SMR for males ranged from 124.4 (Cornigliano) to 82.0 (Albaro); for females, the values ranged between 133.4 (Cornigliano) and 85.6 (Nervi-Quinto-S. Ilario). Between 2019 and 2020, Genoa recorded an increase in SDR of 24.5%, more pronounced in males (+26.7%) than in females (+22.4%). This epidemiological methodology is replicable and allows to quickly identify spatial, temporal, sex, and age differences in the general mortality within a municipality.

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“…Within this growing scientific interest, various studies have investigated the impact of the economic slowdown on the population’s health and healthcare, both in Spain [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and in other European countries [ 7 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], as well as in other continents [ 20 , 21 ]. The 2008 economic crisis coincided with the implementation of austerity policies that reduced the capacity of the Spanish public health system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Amenable Mortality after the Economic Crisis in Cities of the Spanish Mediterranean Coast

Pereyra-Zamora

Copete

Oliva-Arocas

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Several studies have described a decreasing trend in amenable mortality, as well as the existence of socioeconomic inequalities that affect it. However, their evolution, particularly in small urban areas, has largely been overlooked. The aim of this study is to analyse the socioeconomic inequalities in amenable mortality in three cities of the Valencian Community, namely, Alicante, Castellon, and Valencia, as well as their evolution before and after the start of the economic crisis (2000–2007 and 2008–2015). The units of analysis have been the census tracts and a deprivation index has been calculated to classify them according to their level of socioeconomic deprivation. Deaths and population were also grouped by sex, age group, period, and five levels of deprivation. The specific rates by sex, age group, deprivation level, and period were calculated for the total number of deaths due to all causes and amenable mortality and Poisson regression models were adjusted in order to estimate the relative risk. This study confirms that the inequalities between areas of greater and lesser deprivation in both all-cause mortality and amenable mortality persisted along the two study periods in the three cities. It also shows that these inequalities appear with greater risk of death in the areas of greatest deprivation, although not uniformly. In general, the risks of death from all causes and amenable mortality have decreased significantly from one period to the other, although not in all the groups studied. The evolution of death risks from before the onset of the crisis to the period after presented, overall, a general pro-cyclical trend. However, there are population subgroups for which the trend was counter-cyclical. The use of the deprivation index has made it possible to identify specific geographical areas with vulnerable populations in all three cities and, at the same time, to identify the change in the level of deprivation (ascending or descending) of the geographical areas throughout the two periods. It is precisely these areas where more attention is needed in order to reduce inequalities.

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Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Regional Variation and Socio-Economic Determinants of Suicide Mortality in Greece before and during Economic Crisis

Regional Variation and Socio-Economic Determinants of Suicide Mortality in Greece before and during Economic Crisis

Municipality Data as a Rapid and Effective Tool to Analyse Spatial and Temporal Variations of All-Cause Mortality by Town District: The Experience in Genoa (Italy)

Changes in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Amenable Mortality after the Economic Crisis in Cities of the Spanish Mediterranean Coast

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