Economic burden of diabetes mellitus in the WHO African region

Kirigia, Joses Muthuri; Sambo, Hama B; Sambo, Luís Gomes; Barry, Saidou

doi:10.1186/1472-698x-9-6

Cited by 126 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Following the method used by Kirigia et al [5] and using the probabilities of diabetes associated deaths in different age groups given by Murray and Lopez [18], the number of productive years lost by people aged 15 to 60 years was estimated by subtracting the averages of age of onset and duration of diabetes from life expectancy of the country. For children and adolescents, productive years lost was calculated by subtracting the averages of age of onset and duration of diabetes plus 14 years from life expectancy of the country.…”

Section: Mortality Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of disability in young people (0 -14) and those retired (above 60 years) was ignored. It should be stressed that, following Barcelo et al [4] and Kirigia et al [5], we assumed that 40% of the population with diabetes aged <60 years were economically active and that 60 years is the age of retirement for the quasi-totality of Moroccan citizens in 2011. A computer program was written, using Excel to compute all the economic costs.…”

Section: Cost Of Temporarily Disability Caused By Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total economic loss for the whole region was Int$ 25.51 billion (PPP). Direct cost accounted for 32%, with one third devoted to cost of insulin while the remaining 68% for indirect cost of diabetes was dominantly caused by permanent disability (88.5%) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of direct and indirect cost of diabetes in Morocco

Boutayeb¹,

Lamlili²,

Boutayeb³

et al. 2013

JBiSE

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Due to its chronic nature with severe complications, diabetes needs costly prolonged treatment and care. The high economic burden of diabetes is particularly threatening low and middle income countries. Worldwide, studies have shown that the cost of diabetes per person is much higher than the per capita health expenditure. This study is the first to estimate the direct and indirect cost of diabetes in Morocco. The direct cost of diabetes was computed by assuming three scenarios of prices (low, medium and high) due to different prices of insulin, oral drugs and other items used in diabetes treatment and care. Indirect costs of diabetes were estimated by the lifetime forgone earnings caused by premature death and disability due to diabetes. The direct cost of diabetes in Morocco was estimated to be between US $0.47 and US $1.5 billion whereas the indirect cost was estimated to be around US $2 billion accounting for 57% of the total cost of diabetes under the high cost scenario, 69% under the medium scenario and 81% under the low cost scenario. The average per capita indirect cost was estimated to be US $1113, relatively higher than the direct cost of diabetes which was seen to vary from US$ 259 to US $830. The results yielded by this study were compared to those obtained by similar studies in different regions and countries of the world. As a conclusion, the findings of this study indicate a high economic burden of diabetes and stress the importance that Moroccan health decision makers should give to sensitisation, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes especially with the crucial growing trend of diabetes prevalence.

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Section: Mortality Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cost Of Temporarily Disability Caused By Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of direct and indirect cost of diabetes in Morocco

Boutayeb¹,

Lamlili²,

Boutayeb³

et al. 2013

JBiSE

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“…Kirigia et al [9] estimated the effects of maternal mortality on GDP in AFR using econometric production function modelling. Kirigia et al [10] used costof-illness (COI) method to estimate the economic burden of diabetes mellitus in AFR. Kirigia et al [11] used COI approach to estimate the economic burden of cholera in AFR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

Kirigia

Mwabu

2018

int arch med

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Background: This article estimates non-health gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost among 15-59 year olds (most productive age bracket) in Kenya in 2015.Methods: This study employs the lost output or human capital approach (HCA) to convert the DALYs lost from all causes into their monetary equivalents. The magnitude economic haemorrhage from each disease was obtained by multiplying the per capita non-health GDP in International Dollars by the total number of DALYs lost in a specific age group (15-29 years, 30-49 years, 50-59 years). Per capita non-health GDP equals per capita GDP minus total health expenditure in 2015. Data on DALYs and per capita total health expenditure were obtained from the World Health Organization and per capita GDP data was from IMF databases.Results: Kenya lost 9,405,184 DALYs among 15-59 years olds in 2015.That DALY loss caused a haemorrhage in GDP of Int$ 29,788,392,419. Approximately 48.6% of the GDP haemorrhage resulted from communicable diseases and nutritional conditions, 37.4% from non-communicable diseases, and 14.0% from injuries. Conclusion:There is need to augment domestic and external investments into national health systems and other systems that meet basic needs (education, food, water, sanitation, shelter) to reduce disease burden. In the same year the country lost a total of 21,854,898 Disability-Adjusted-Life-Years (DALYs) from all causes. Out of that total DALY loss, 59% were from communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions; 30% from non-communicable diseases (NCDs); and 11% from intentional and unintentional injuries. About 54% and 46% the total DALYs lost occurred in male and female gender respectively. Haemorrhage of Gross DomesticThe total DALYs losses were distributed unevenly across various age groups: 33.2% among 0-4 year-old; 13.6% among 5-14 year-old; 18.5% among 15-29 year-old; 18.8% among 30-49 yearold; 5.7% among 50-59 year-old; 5.1% among 60-69 year-old; and 5.1% among those aged 70 years and above [1]. Thus, 43% of the depletion in health or human capital was sustained by the most economically and socially productive age bracket of 15-59 years. The current study focuses on this age bracket.The large loss in DALYs has been attributed to weaknesses in national and local health systems responsible for providing quality health services [2,3]; systems that assure access to other basic needs (food, water, sanitation, education, clothing, shelter) or social determinants of health [4,5]; and national health research system that produces knowledge and facilitates its use in development of discoveries and innovations aimed at addressing health and socioeconomic needs [6,7].Various studies have attempted to estimate the productivity losses attributable to premature mortality from one or a group of disasters, diseases and health conditions in the WHO African Region (AFR). A study conducted in 2004 used regression modelling to estimate the impact of disaster-related mortality on gross d...

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“…In Kenya non-communicable diseases are a major public health concern with significant social and economic implications in terms of health care-needs, lost productivity and premature death in the country. (KSSFNCD, 2015).Research shows that non-communicable diseases have been a growing problem in Kenya over the years (Oak Foundation, 2016;World Health Organization WHO, 2015;Machio, 2012;Kirigia et al, 2009;Christensen et al, 2008;Waudo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IRJPEH

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Exercise is healthy, and it plays a practical and safe means to decrease the burden of non-communicable diseases. Physical activity(PA) and exercise are key interventions for use in primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases and especially when physical activity and exercise are part of a medical management plan. There is a need for PA promotion interventions in primary care and evidence that providers want to provide PA information to their patients. Several quasi-experimental and randomized trials have been conducted evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of primary care PA promotion interventions . While not all primary care PA promotion interventions were successful from the review, the majority of studies support this approach to increasing PA. The health care system should play a role in supporting patients and the population at large to increase their PA to sufficient level for prevention and control of these chronic diseases. Even though being physically active for health and well-being is accepted by much of the general population, the majority of people in developed countries fail to meet even minimal requirements. Considering the numerous preventative and therapeutic health benefits associated with a physically active lifestyle, the effectiveness of exercise to treat various chronic diseases, the limited side effects associated with exercise in comparison to pharmaceutical therapies and the role health providers can play in the promotion of physically active lifestyles, health providers should take an active role in exercise prescription for the patient's sake. The Exercise is Medicine Initiative is being used in other parts of the world however, is has not fully taken off in many developing countries.

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Economic burden of diabetes mellitus in the WHO African region

Cited by 126 publications

References 9 publications

Estimation of direct and indirect cost of diabetes in Morocco

Estimation of direct and indirect cost of diabetes in Morocco

Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

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