Economic and image impacts of summer Olympic games in tourist destinations: a literature review

Abstract

This article aims to verify in the literature related to the Summer Olympics the main economic and image implications for the destination hosting it. A qualitative exploratory research was carried out with the survey of scientific articles of the last twenty-five years in five different databases. The studies indicate economic and image gains and losses from hosting the games. As positive aspects, most of the studies mention those coming from Olympic spending that provided long-term gains for the resident population in the host locality and related to tourist activity. The most cited negative aspects are related to investments that generated benefits only in the short term or lack of investment in infrastructure. It is concluded that the preparation and implementation processes in each country are too different for the results to be uniform. In addition, the diverse methodological aspects of the articles also influence their results.Keywords: Summer Olympic Games, economic impacts, tourist destination image. ResumoEste artigo tem por objetivo verificar na literatura relacionada aos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão as principais implicações econômicas e de imagem para o destino que o hospeda. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa com levantamento de artigos científicos dos últimos vinte e cinco anos em cinco bases de dados diferentes. Os estudos encontrados indicam ganhos econômicos e de imagem, bem como perdas ao se realizar um megaevento esportivo. Como aspectos positivos, a maioria dos estudos menciona aqueles provenientes de investimentos olímpicos que proporcionaram ganhos a longo prazo para a população residente na localidade de acolhimento e relacionados com a atividade turística. Os aspectos negativos mais citados estão relacionados a investimentos que geraram benefícios apenas no curto prazo, ou falta de investimento em infraestrutura. Conclui-se que os processos de preparação e implementação em cada país são muito diferentes para que os resultados sejam uniformes. Além disso, os diversos aspectos metodológicos dos artigos também influenciam seus resultados.Palavras-chave: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão, impactos econômicos, imagem de destino turístico.

Rio de Janeiro’s image as the 2016 Olympic Games host city: analysis of the main image formation factors

“…This places the data collection only a year after the occurrence of the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games. The time placement near the event was defined so that the perceptions about the city could be captured while they were still fresh and in the influence of the sports mega-event, as well as to help remedy the lack of ex-post studies on the Olympics (Ferreira et al, 2018). The sample was non-probabilistic for convenience, composed of 274 university students made up of online respondents (n 5 106) and face-to-face respondents (n 5 168).…”

“…The literature demonstrates that the outcomes of mega-events can either be positive or negative; such outcomes can permeate different fields, often manifesting in infrastructure, economic, touristic, and social impacts for the local population and its sports legacy (Bishnu et al, 2016;Ferreira et al, 2018;Gaffney, 2013;Malhado et al, 2013;Millington and Darnell, 2014;Penna and Bovy, 2014;Preuss and Sch€ utte, 2016;Sanchez and Broudehoux, 2013;Silva et al, 2016;Sousa-Mast et al, 2013;Tasci et al, 2019). One of the positive effects that a sports mega-event can bestow upon the host city and country is the improvement of its image as a destination (Balsas, 2017;Ferreira et al, 2018;Singhand Zhou, 2016;Kaplanidou and Vogt, 2007).…”

“…As a matter of consequence, especially at the host city level, mega-events are perceived as an opportunity to push forward urban redevelopment and infrastructure projects to reposition the destination image nationally and globally (Steinbrink, 2013). Although literature exists on the impact of sports mega-events on the host image, most of the investigations, especially on the Olympics, employ a national frame, focusing on the country's image (Ferreira et al, 2018). This article, therefore, examines the host city's image in the context of a sports mega-event, employing a sample of foreign respondents that did not attend the games.…”

“…As Rio is located in a developing country (Brazil) adds another important layer of consideration for the sports mega-events context. The literature on the Olympic Games indicates that developing countries often have different image effects when compared to cases involving developed countries (Ferreira et al, 2018;Heslop et al, 2010), sometimes with no satisfactory change (Rocha and Fink, 2017;Tasci et al, 2019). Holding sports mega-events in developing countries has become common in just the last few years (Knott et al, 2015).…”

Brazil’s image and Brazilian personality: a systematic review from the viewpoint of cordiality

“…Last comes the contextualization of country image, the focus of this work. The literature on country image includes studies on the perception of the country's products (Wang et al, 2012); perception of the country as a tourist destination (Mak, 2017); as well as perception on political (Alvarez & Campo, 2014), economic (Ferreira, Lourenção, Giraldi, & Oliveira, 2018), international relations (Mariutti, 2015) and cultural (Lee & Bai, 2016) issues, besides social aspects (Oliveira & Martins, 2009). This paper focuses on the understanding of one of the social aspects of a country, the personality of its citizens (Moghavvmi et al, 2017).…”