Economic Analysis and Efficiency in Policing, Criminal Justice and Crime Reduction: What Works?

Manning, Matthew; Johnson, Shane D.; Tilley, Nick; Wong, Gabriel T. W.; Vorsina, Margarita

doi:10.1057/9781137588654

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Finally, E refers to 'Economics', which relates to the financial impact of an intervention. This covers several different economic concepts, such as necessary input costs (including variable costs such as staffing and fixed costs such as equipment), direct costs, indirect costs and intangible costs, and calculations which compare the cost of interventions to the benefits gained as a result of any crimes averted (see Manning, Johnson, Tilley, Wong and Vorsina 2016).…”

Section: On Emmie: Origins and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economics dimension is probably the clearest illustration of the difficulties of appraising the quality of evidence at the evidence synthesis level. Monetised figures for the costs or benefits of an intervention are rarely comparable across studies, due to a multitude of reasons but perhaps most notably owing to the discretion with which decisions are made on what should or should not be included in costings (Manning et al 2016). Systematic review authors may be disinclined to attempt to harmonise and synthesise these due to the analytic difficulties involved (Manning et al 2016).…”

Section: What Does Emmie Tell Us About Systematic Review Evidence Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monetised figures for the costs or benefits of an intervention are rarely comparable across studies, due to a multitude of reasons but perhaps most notably owing to the discretion with which decisions are made on what should or should not be included in costings (Manning et al 2016). Systematic review authors may be disinclined to attempt to harmonise and synthesise these due to the analytic difficulties involved (Manning et al 2016). In light of these challenges, we recognise that it is perhaps unfair to give equal weighting to Economics as we do other elements on the EMMIE rating scale.…”

Section: What Does Emmie Tell Us About Systematic Review Evidence Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the development and application of EMMIE: insights from the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction

Thornton

Sidebottom

Belur

et al. 2018

Policing and Society

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The What Works Centre for Crime Reduction was established in September 2013 with the aim of increasing the use of research evidence by decision-makers in policing and crime reduction. The EMMIE framework was developed to meet this aim. It encapsulates five broad categories of research evidence that are considered relevant to crime reduction, namely Effect size, Mechanism, Moderator (or context), Implementation and Economics. In this paper, we chart the origins and development of EMMIE. We also reflect on our experience of applying EMMIE both as a coding system to appraise systematic review evidence and as a framework to inform the design and conduct of systematic reviews in crime reduction. We conclude with a critique of EMMIE and with suggestions on how it might be developed and refined in the future.

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Section: On Emmie: Origins and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Does Emmie Tell Us About Systematic Review Evidence Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Does Emmie Tell Us About Systematic Review Evidence Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the development and application of EMMIE: insights from the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction

Thornton

Sidebottom

Belur

et al. 2018

Policing and Society

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“…WP5 produced a book explaining forms of economic analysis (Manning et al 2016) and guidance on how to do them as well as an Excel-based tool ('The Manning Tool') for conducting economic analyses, which can be downloaded from http://csrm.cass.anu.edu.au/resea rch/proje cts/manni ng-cost-benefi t-tool. This tool was designed to support improved economic analyses in the future.…”

Section: What Work Centre For Crime Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a knowledge base for crime prevention: lessons learned from the British experience

Tilley¹,

Laycock²

2018

Crime Prev Community Saf

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During the past 20 years, there have been several initiatives, led by the British government, to improve crime prevention by informing policy and practice with research. Two in particular stand out for the scale of the investment: The first was the establishment of the Crime Reduction Programme (CRP) in 1999. The CRP was supposed both to be based on what was already known from research and also to improve the evidence base and was scheduled to run for a decade. The CRP involved an unprecedented financial commitment to improving the knowledge base of crime prevention. The second was the establishment of the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction (WWCCR) in 2013. The WWCCR attempts both to distil findings from high quality research on what works in crime reduction in a form that would be readily accessible to and useable by decision-makers, and to encourage original research to improve the knowledge base. We touch more briefly also on the creation of the National Police Improvement Agency in 2007 and its successor body, the College of Policing in 2013. The core mission of both has been to professionalise policing (including police efforts to reduce crime) by making policing more evidence based, and the College of Policing has been home to WWCCR. This paper will provide a critical account of these major efforts to bring evidence to crime reduction and discuss lessons that can be learned from their experience.

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“…Decision-makers need to know whether and how a policy, practice, program or intervention can be put in place and what may facilitate or impede this (Laycock & Tilley, 1995). Finally, the second E refers to "economics"-what the intervention will cost in relation to outputs, outcomes or benefits (see Manning, Johnson, Tilley, Wong, & Vorsina, 2016). There are always limited resources that can be put to alternative uses and decision makers need to determine how best to disburse those available to them.…”

Section: Emmie and Its Relevance To The Current Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gating Alleys to Reduce Crime: A Meta-Analysis and Realist Synthesis

Sidebottom¹,

Tompson

Thornton

et al. 2017

Justice Quarterly

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Alley gates are designed to limit access to alleys and the crime opportunities they afford. Informed by the acronym EMMIE we sought to: (1) systematically review the evidence on whether alley gates are Effective at reducing crime, (2) identify the causal Mechanisms through which alley gates are expected to work and the conditions that Moderate effectiveness, and (3) collate information on the Implementation and Economic costs of alley gating. The results of our meta-analysis suggest that alley gating is associated with modest but significant reductions in burglary, with little evidence of spatial displacement. We also identified six mechanisms through which alley gates might plausibly reduce crime, and the conditions in which such mechanisms are most likely to be activated.

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Economic Analysis and Efficiency in Policing, Criminal Justice and Crime Reduction: What Works?

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

On the development and application of EMMIE: insights from the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction

On the development and application of EMMIE: insights from the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction

Developing a knowledge base for crime prevention: lessons learned from the British experience

Gating Alleys to Reduce Crime: A Meta-Analysis and Realist Synthesis

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