Economic analysis and costing of animal health: a literature review of methods and importance

Dehove, A.; Commault, Jeanne; Petitclerc, Martial; Teissier, Marie; Mace, John

doi:10.20506/rst.31.2.2146

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…They contribute to considerable economic losses to each sector, including wildlife‐related sectors such as hunting and wildlife tourism, and they also represent a potential burden to the whole ecosystem (Hassell, Begon, Ward, & Fèvre, ; Wiethoelter, Beltrán‐Alcrudo, Kock, & Mor, ). The livestock sector is affected through increased mortality and reduced livestock productivity, as well as indirect losses associated with cost of surveillance, decreased market values, food insecurity, and impacts on farmers’ livelihood (Dehove, Commault, Petitclerc, Teissier, & Macé, ). The recreational manipulation of the natural environment to increase the density of wildlife beyond its normal carrying capacity, together with agricultural intensification and deforestation, have resulted in interactions between wildlife and livestock becoming more frequent (Berentsen, Miller, Misiewicz, Malmberg, & Dunbar, ; Cowie et al, ; Jones et al, ; Lavelle et al, ; Skuce, Allen, McDowell, & McDowell, ), creating a dynamic and bidirectional opportunity for pathogens to circulate freely within and across species (Bengis, Kock, & Fischer, ), via direct and/or indirect routes (use of communal environment, shared resources, etc).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease management at the wildlife‐livestock interface: Using whole‐genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA

et al. 2019

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The role of wildlife in the persistence and spread of livestock diseases is difficult to quantify and control. These difficulties are exacerbated when several wildlife species are potentially involved. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has experienced an ecological shift in Michigan, with spillover from cattle leading to an endemically infected white-tailed deer (deer) population. It has potentially substantial implications for the health and well-being of both wildlife and livestock and incurs a significant economic cost to industry and government. Deer are known to act as a reservoir of infection, with evidence of M. bovis transmission to sympatric elk and cattle populations. However, the role of elk in the circulation of M. bovis is uncertain; they are few in number, but range further than deer, so may enable long distance spread. Combining Whole Genome Sequences (WGS) for M. bovis isolates from exceptionally well-observed populations of elk, deer and cattle with spatiotemporal locations, we use spatial and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to show strong spatiotemporal admixture of M. bovis isolates. Clustering of bTB in elk and cattle suggests either intraspecies transmission within the two populations, or exposure to a common source. However, there is no support for significant pathogen transfer amongst elk and cattle, and our data are in accordance with existing evidence that interspecies transmission in Michigan is likely only maintained by deer. This study demonstrates | 2193 SALVADOR et AL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease management at the wildlife‐livestock interface: Using whole‐genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA

et al. 2019

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“…Infectious diseases that cross species barriers are responsible for severe human health burdens (Hotez et al, 2014), and act as direct and synergistic drivers of species extinctions (Heard et al, 2013). Many of these diseases infect domesticated animals and impact human well-being via loss of food security, labour and livelihoods, costs of prevention and control programs, and increased human infection (Dehove et al, 2012). However, the severity of disease can vary dramatically among parasites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious diseases of domestic species, many of which have severe economic impacts (Dehove et al, 2012), present a unique opportunity to explore the links between virulence, host specificity, and the evolutionary relationships among hosts. While virulence can take many forms, mortality is most widely reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease mortality in domesticated animals is predicted by host evolutionary relationships

Farrell

Davies

2018

Preprint

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1Infectious diseases of domesticated animals impact human well-being via food insecurity, loss of 2 livelihoods, and human infections. While much research has focused on parasites that infect single 3 host species, most parasites of domesticated mammals infect multiple species. The impact of multi-4 host parasites varies across hosts; some rarely result in death, whereas others are nearly always fatal. 5 Despite their high ecological and societal costs, we currently lack theory for predicting the lethality 6 of multi-host parasites. Here, using a global dataset of over 4000 case-fatality rates for 65 infectious 7 diseases (caused by micro and macro-parasites) and 12 domesticated host species, we show that the 8 average evolutionary distance from an infected host to other mammal host species is a strong predictor 9 of disease-induced mortality. We find that as parasites infect species outside of their documented phy-10 logenetic host range, they are more likely to result in lethal infections, with the odds of death doubling 11 for each additional 10 million years of evolutionary distance. Our results for domesticated animal 12 diseases reveal patterns in the evolution of highly lethal parasites that are difficult to observe in the 13 wild, and further suggest that the severity of infectious diseases may be predicted from evolutionary 14 relationships among hosts. 15 19 rity, labour and livelihoods, costs of prevention and control programs, and increased human infection 20 (Dehove et al., 2012). However, the severity of disease can vary dramatically among parasites. Ca-21 nine rabies alone results in approximately 59,000 human deaths and 8.6 billion USD in economic 22 losses annually (Hampson et al., 2015). By contrast, other diseases rarely result in death. For exam-23 ple, bovine brucellosis largely impacts cattle by causing abortion, infertility and reduced growth, but 24 disease induced mortality in adult cows is uncommon (McDermott et al., 2013). 25Well established theory on single-host parasites predicts that the reduction in host fitness due to 26 2 infection (termed "virulence") should evolve to an optimal level determined by a trade-off with trans-27 mission (Cressler et al., 2016). For multi-host parasites, optimal virulence may be subject to additional 28 trade-offs, with selection for high or low virulence depending on the ecologies and evolutionary his-29 tories of each susceptible host species (Woolhouse et al., 2001; Gandon, 2004; Rigaud et al., 2010). 30In the absence of trade-offs, a wider host breadth should provide a larger pool of susceptible individ-31 uals, increasing opportunities for transmission and the evolution of higher virulence (Barrett et al., 32 2009). However, adaptation to novel hosts may reduce a parasite's ability to utilize resources of their 33 co-evolved hosts (Ebert, 1998; Longdon et al., 2014), resulting in limited replication and decreased 34 virulence (Antonovics et al., 2013). This trade-off is supported by comparative studies of plant RNA 35viruses and avian malaria p...

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“…The demand for pork has led to intensification of production, with farms often housing thousands of animals in densities conducive to rapid pathogen transmission (4). Infectious diseases result in direct losses to livestock production through mortality, loss of productivity, trade restrictions, reduced market value, and often food insecurity (5). The constant threat of endemic and emerging diseases affecting swine, which in some instances also impact human health, highlight the potential vulnerability of pork production around the world.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global trends in infectious diseases of swine

VanderWaal

Deen

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

211

156

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Pork accounts for more than one-third of meat produced worldwide and is an important component of global food security, agricultural economies, and trade. Infectious diseases are among the primary constraints to swine production, and the globalization of the swine industry has contributed to the emergence and spread of pathogens. Despite the importance of infectious diseases to animal health and the stability and productivity of the global swine industry, pathogens of swine have never been reviewed at a global scale. Here, we build a holistic global picture of research on swine pathogens to enhance preparedness and understand patterns of emergence and spread. By conducting a scoping review of more than 57,000 publications across 50 years, we identify priority pathogens globally and regionally, and characterize geographic and temporal trends in research priorities. Of the 40 identified pathogens, publication rates for eight pathogens increased faster than overall trends, suggesting that these pathogens may be emerging or constitute an increasing threat. We also compared regional patterns of pathogen prioritization in the context of policy differences, history of outbreaks, and differing swine health challenges faced in regions where swine production has become more industrialized. We documented a general increasing trend in importance of zoonotic pathogens and show that structural changes in the industry related to intensive swine production shift pathogen prioritization. Multinational collaboration networks were strongly shaped by region, colonial ties, and pig trade networks. This review represents the most comprehensive overview of research on swine infectious diseases to date.

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Economic analysis and costing of animal health: a literature review of methods and importance

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Disease management at the wildlife‐livestock interface: Using whole‐genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA

Disease management at the wildlife‐livestock interface: Using whole‐genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA

Disease mortality in domesticated animals is predicted by host evolutionary relationships

Global trends in infectious diseases of swine

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