Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems

Harmon, Mark E.; Franklin, Jerry F.; Swanson, Frederick J.; Sollins, Phillip; Gregory, Stan V.; Lattin, John D.; Anderson, Norman H.; Cline, Steven P.; Aumen, Nicholas G.; Sedell, James R.; Lienkaemper, George W.; Cromack, Kermit; Cummins, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(03)34002-4

Cited by 117 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…A non-linear response to N deposition is supported, with low deposition rates enhancing decomposition, and high deposition rates reducing decomposition. Further work on this process is required, since dead wood is an ecologically important resource, particularly as a carbon pool and habitat (Harmon et al 1987;Freedman et al 1996;Grove and Meggs 2003;Laiho and Prescott 2004;Jonsson et al 2005). Increasing dead wood inputs are expected due to global forest dieback (Bréda et al 2006;Jurskis 2005), and through alterations of forest management practices to more closely mimic natural disturbances (Bebber et al 2004;Jonsson et al 2005;Lindenmayer et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi

et al. 2011

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Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition affects many natural processes, including forest litter decomposition. Saprotrophic fungi are the only organisms capable of completely decomposing lignocellulosic (woody) litter in temperate ecosystems, and therefore the responses of fungi to N deposition are critical in understanding the effects of global change on the forest carbon cycle. Plant litter decomposition under elevated N has been intensively studied, with varying results. The complexity of forest floor biota and variability in litter quality have obscured N-elevation effects on decomposers. Field experiments often utilize standardized substrates and N-levels, but few studies have controlled the decay organisms. Decomposition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) blocks inoculated with two cord-forming basidiomycete fungi, Hypholoma fasciculare and Phanerochaete velutina, was compared experimentally under realistic levels of simulated N deposition at Wytham Wood, Oxfordshire, UK. Mass loss was greater with P. velutina than with H. fasciculare, and with N treatment than in the control. Decomposition was accompanied by growth of the fungal mycelium and increasing N concentration in the remaining wood. We attribute the N effect on wood decay to the response of cord-forming wood decay fungi to N availability. Previous studies demonstrated the capacity of these fungi to scavenge and import N to decaying wood via a translocating network of mycelium. This study shows that small increases in N availability can increase wood decomposition by these organisms. Dead wood is an important carbon store and habitat. The responses of wood decomposers to anthropogenic N deposition should be considered in models of forest carbon dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parmasto were maintained on 2% malt extract (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) agar (Agar No. 3; Oxoid) Berg and Laskowski (2005) b Data from Harmon et al (1987) c Data from Vogt et al (1987). Includes leaf litter and fine woody litter \1 cm diameter in a dark room at 19°C.…”

Section: Fungal Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi

et al. 2011

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“…4), which seems illogical at first sight. However, larger logs retain moisture longer than smaller ones (Harmon et al 1986), which is reflected by the close positions of moisture and area (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Species Composition Of the Flora Colonizing Dead Logsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Little is known about the patterns of dead wood colonization by vascular plants, i.e., species composition and species diversity, their relations with the physical-chemical properties of the decaying wood or the community assembly of vascular plants that inhabit dead wood. Vascular plants inhabiting mechanisms were partially described by Harmon et al (1986). Vascular plants can send their roots through bark to extract water and nutrients or can develop roots through the mat of decaying fine litter that accumulates during the decaying process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The vascular plant colonization on decaying Picea abies logs in Karkonosze mountain forest belts: the effects of forest community type, cryptogam cover, log decomposition and forest management

2016

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Among the vascular plants there is a lack of the typical epixylous species but they are a constant component on decaying wood. Their distribution patterns on this kind of substrate seem to be the least known among phototrophs. A total of 454 dead logs of Picea abies were analyzed with regard to cover of vascular plants and the independent morphometric features of logs and altitude. Four types of forest were compared, and the frequency and cover of the most frequent species were analyzed across the forest communities along the decomposition stage. Among the logs that were studied, 292 were colonized by vascular plants. The highest number of colonized logs was recorded in Calamagrostio villosae-Piceetum and the lowest in a deciduous beech forest of the Fagetalia order. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed that the dead logs occurring in the four forest communities differed significantly in species composition. Constrained correspondence analysis showed that six variables significantly explained the species variation, i.e., altitude, shade, moisture, decomposition stage, cover of bryophytes and status of forest (protected vs. managed). The results of the indicator value method indicated that of the 34 found species, ten could be treated as indicator species for the forest communities that were analyzed. The statistical analysis did not confirm significant role of coarse woody debris as a secondary habitat for rare and protected vascular plants.

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Country‐wide analysis of large wood as a driver of fish abundance in Swedish streams: Which species benefit and where?

Donadi

Sandin

Tamario

et al. 2019

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Rivers are heavily affected by human impacts that threaten many fish species.Among restoration measures, the addition of large wood (LW) in streams has been shown to increase fish abundance, yet which species benefit from LW, to what extent relative to other drivers, and which factors influence LW quantity is not clear, and these uncertainties limit our ability to use LW as an effective restoration measure. Here, a time series (from 1993 to 2016) of electrofishing data, including 3641 streams across Sweden, was used to investigate the beneficial effects of LW on the abundance of juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta, juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and juvenile and adult sculpins, Cottus gobio and Cottus poecilopus, while accounting for other abiotic and biotic factors, and the drivers of LW abundance at a country-wide scale.3. Large wood benefitted brown trout, and the effects were greater with decreasing shaded stream surface. LW effects were comparable in magnitude to the positive effects of average annual air temperature and the negative effects of stream depth and predator abundancefactors where the influence was second only to the negative effects of stream width. LW did not benefit salmon abundance, which was correlated positively with stream width and negatively with altitude, nor did it benefit sculpin abundances, which mainly decreased with annual average air temperature and altitude.4. The quantity of LW strongly diminished with stream width, and, to a lesser extent, with stream depth, altitude, annual average air temperature, and forest age, whereas it increased with stream velocity, slope, and forest cover. 5. The results suggest that LW can be used as an effective restoration tool for brown trout in shallow and narrow streams, especially in areas with little shade. Here, the addition of LW may help to alleviate the impacts of forest clearance and climate change.

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Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems

Cited by 117 publications

References 235 publications

Simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi

Simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi

The vascular plant colonization on decaying Picea abies logs in Karkonosze mountain forest belts: the effects of forest community type, cryptogam cover, log decomposition and forest management

Country‐wide analysis of large wood as a driver of fish abundance in Swedish streams: Which species benefit and where?

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