Ecological Variations in the Leaf Anatomy of Selected Species of Cercocarpus

Mortenson, Theodore H.

doi:10.5642/aliso.19730801.14

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…blancheae has flat, thin leaves with a dentate margin, and the leaves are sparsely pubescent on the undersurface. These differences in leaf morphology appear to result from increased adaptation to xeromorphic conditions in C traskiae (Mortenson 1973).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization in the Island Endemic, Catalina Mahogany

Rieseberg

Zona

Aberbom

et al. 1989

Conservation Biology

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Allozyme data, combined with traditional morphological and anatomical data, were used to evaluate the genetic status of the island endemic, Cercocarpus traskiae (Catalina mahogany). Comprising only seven adult plants and close to 70 seedlings, C. traskiae is confined to Wild Boar Gully on the southwest side of Santa Catalina Island in Los Angeles County, California Electrophoretic examination of 22 enzyme loci revealed that all but two of the seven adult C. traskiae trees were unique allozymically. Furthermore four of the seven C. traskiae individuals were morphologically and/or anatomically intermediate between “true”C. traskiae and the more abundant Cercocarpus species on Santa Catalina, C. betuloides var, blancheae. Further electrophoretic analyses revealed that two of these four individuals possessed an additive “hybrid” enzyme phenotype indicating that these individuals were hybrid. Twenty‐five of the seedlings were also assayed but none of the seedlings displayed hybrid enzyme phenotypes. Given the evidence for hybridization described herein, we make two suggestions to enhance the long‐term preservation of C. traskiae. First, it may be desirable to eliminate the single C. betuloides var.: blancheae individual in Wild Boar Gully. Second, we suggest that established cuttings of true C. traskiae be transplanted to areas on Santa Catalina where the probability of hybridization is minimal Our data further demonstrate that accurate taxonomic identification and an understanding of population genetic structure are necessary for the enlightened management of small relict populations or island endemics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization in the Island Endemic, Catalina Mahogany

Rieseberg

Zona

Aberbom

et al. 1989

Conservation Biology

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“…The epicuticular waxes, whose synthesis may be induced by the high luminous intensity (Cutter 1986), reduce leaf transpiration (Eglinton and Hamilton 1967;Jeffree 1986;Oliveira et al 2003) and protect the plant from the excess of radiation (Eglinton and Hamilton 1967;Wilkinson 1979) and from herbivory (Eglinton and Hamilton 1967; Jeffree 1986). As the waxes, the cuticle has also been associated to the reduction of transpiration (Pyykkö 1966;Mortenson 1973;Riederer andSchreiber 2001) and, according to Larcher (2004) and Taiz and Zeiger (2004), plants subjected to water deficiency have leaves with more thickened cuticles. As the waxes too, the cuticle protects the leaves from solar radiation by absorbing the ultraviolet rays (Larcher 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Revolute leaf edges that, according to Mortenson (1973), are often found in xeromorphic leaves appear in 70% of the studied species although other cerrado species show no predominance of a particular edge type (see Morretes and Ferri 1959;Morretes 1967Morretes , 1969Beiguelman 1962a, b, c, d;Bieras and Sajo 2004).…”

Section: For Plants Living In Open Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the cerrado leaves, a 1:1 ratio between palisade and spongy parenchyma (Tables 1, 2) prevails. According to Mortenson (1973), developed palisade parenchyma is common in plants living under satisfactory water conditions, as the woody species of the cerrado. Such plants are usually evergreen (Cole 1986) and use physiological mechanisms, as the fall in stomatal conductance, to guarantee the stability of their leaf water condition, even when water is scarce (see Moraes et al 1989;Perez and Moraes 1991;Mattos et al 1997;Franco 1998;Moraes and Prado 1998;Meinzer et al 1999;Prado et al 2004).…”

Section: For Plants Living In Open Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants

Bieras

Sajo

2008

Trees

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With the aim of recognizing the commonest leaf pattern found in the woody flora of the cerrado (the Brazilian savanna) we analyzed the leaf anatomy of 30 representative species. The leaves are mostly dorsiventral and hypostomatic and covered by trichomes and a thick layer of wax and cuticle; the vascular bundles are surrounded by a sheath of fibers. The mesophyll has a developed palisade tissue, dispersed sclerified cells and idioblasts bearing crystals and phenolic compounds. We compared the results with those reported for other species (60 species) from the same biome and for the families that the studied species belong. The present study suggests that the xeromorphism observed for the cerrado leaves is related to the evolutionary history of this biome, since its first floristic elements must have faced deficient water conditions as well as the consequent soil acidity and toxicity. Therefore we may infer that the leaf anatomical pattern here observed was already present in the first elements of the cerrado and was selected to guarantee the survival of those species in the new environment. Furthermore, the xeromorphic features present in those leaves continue nowadays to help the plants protecting themselves from the different biotic and abiotic factors they are subjected to.

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“…Variation in pubescence of plants of the same taxon that live species living in mesic and xeric sites has been documented (e.g., Mortenson 1973;Ehleringer and Clark 1988). Unfortunately, the characters used to describe the extant species were not preserved in the fossil material or are considered not reliable, since they may be environmentally influenced.…”

Section: Comparison With Extant Species Of Karwinskiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaves ofKarwinskia axamilpensesp.nov. (Rhamnaceae) from Oligocene sediments, near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico

León¹,

Cevallos-Ferriz²,

Silva‐Pineda³

1998

Can. J. Bot.

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A new plant from the Los Ahuehuetes locality, near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico, is described based on its leaves. They are characterized by being ovate to elliptic, 4.5 cm long by 2.1 cm wide, having an entire margin, eucamptodromous venation, a midvein that is slightly curved and attenuated towards the leaf apex, seven pairs of secondary veins diverging at an acute angle from the midvein, percurrent tertiary veins forking or sometimes reticulated forming areoles, and having a petiole 1.3 cm long and 0.3 cm wide. An agglomerative nonhierarchical analysis with average linkage, based on the definition of 41 character states in 18 operational taxonomic units allows distinction between Karwinskia, Berchemia, and Rhamnus; the recognition of an extinct monotypic genus, Berhamniphyllum; and the identification of two fossil species of Karwinskia, among which the new plant from Puebla, Karwinskia axamilpense Velasco de León et al., is well defined. This new fossil leaf not only adds to the recently known Tertiary plants of the Los Ahuehuetes locality, but it gives new insights into the past flora of tropical North America and further supports the long history of some neotropical endemics, suggesting that, during the Tertiary, at least some areas in southern latitudes of North America could have been important for the origin and radiation of some taxa.

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Ecological Variations in the Leaf Anatomy of Selected Species of Cercocarpus

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Hybridization in the Island Endemic, Catalina Mahogany

Hybridization in the Island Endemic, Catalina Mahogany

Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants

Leaves ofKarwinskia axamilpensesp.nov. (Rhamnaceae) from Oligocene sediments, near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico

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