Ecological restoration efforts in tropical rural landscapes: Challenges and policy implications in a highly degraded region

Toledo, Renato Miazaki de; Santos, Rozely Ferreira dos; Verheyen, Kris; Perring, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.053

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…However, costs are usually high (Benini et al, 2017;Crouzeilles et al, 2017) and mainly affordable only to large companies, such as the mining sector, or large-scale funded projects. Moreover, the success of restoration initiatives is not guaranteed by high levels of investment as outcomes vary from near-total success to complete failure (Souza and Batista, 2004;Crouzeilles et al, 2016;Toledo et al, 2018). Barriers to ecological restoration in highly degraded landscapes include lack of seed sources, poor germination, lack of colonizing fauna, weed infestation, as well as soil degradation (Garcia et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Natural Regeneration: Implications for Landscape Restoration in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Siminski

Zambiazi

Santos

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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This study aimed to understand post-agricultural natural forest regeneration in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest and its possible role as a cost-effective, passive approach to forest restoration. The study characterized vegetation structure, floristic composition, and the dynamics of secondary forest chronosequences. Data were collected from 159 plots (10 × 10 m each) across forest remnants in Santa Catarina State, covering forest ages that ranged from 2 to 60 years of regeneration after swidden agriculture. Only areas with no signs of degradation were sampled in order to provide a description of vegetation characteristics that could be used to identify and monitor natural regeneration. A total of 11,455 woody plants were identified and classified into 334 species representing 71 families. As the succession process unfolds, the continuous turnover of species makes forests more diverse and structurally complex. Floristic similarity among forest types is observed during the early stages of succession, but decreases over time. Pioneer species dominate young secondary forests, representing about 40% of the basal area up to 10 years of regeneration. Shade-tolerant species start colonizing the sites at early ages; however, they become more important structural elements only after 30 years of succession. The observed patterns of forest structure and species diversity largely conform to the post-agricultural succession seen in many tropical forests. The high species diversity found in this study highlights the importance of natural regeneration as a strategy to restore ecosystems. Floristic data can be used as a reference for choosing suitable species for active restoration, as well as contributing to the design of integrated restoration strategies. We herein reinforce the potential of natural regeneration as part of large-scale restoration programs, which would be particularly attractive to family farmers by the low cost of supplies and labor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Natural Regeneration: Implications for Landscape Restoration in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Siminski

Zambiazi

Santos

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…Accordingly, the rarity of non-vertebrate-dispersed trees is increased markedly when young Brazilian Atlantic Forests gets older (Liebsch et al 2008). On the other hand, the studied region is marked by heavy forest fragmentation (Toledo et al 2018b) and defaunation, with negative consequences on seed dispersal (Galetti et al 2013;Galetti et al 2017). Defaunation can play a crucial role in the recovery of tropical forests because the vast majority of tropical trees are dispersed by animals (Howe and Smallwood, 1982).…”

Section: Regeneration Density and Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring tropical forest composition is more difficult, but recovering tree-cover is faster, when neighbouring forests are young

et al. 2020

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Neighbouring forests constitute biological sources that enable the succession from species-poor systems, such as tree-plantings, to highly diverse forests. However, old remnants are becoming rare in tropical agricultural landscapes. ObjectiveWe were interested in if, and how, spontaneous regeneration under tree-plantings reflects the age and the amount of the neighbouring forest cover. We anticipated that older forests promote a compositionally broader recovery in neighbouring tree-plantings, because older forests likely include disturbance-sensitive species, particularly within least deforested landscapes. MethodsWe studied twenty-seven restoration sites implemented as tree-plantings in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We quantified the effects of age and amount of neighbouring forest cover on structural and compositional characteristics of the regeneration community (dbh<5cm). We used two landscape groups (presence, or absence, of forests older than 30yrs.) with a similar areal range of forest cover, enabling the disentanglement of forest age from forest amount effects on regeneration community responses. ResultsSurprisingly, we found that greater forest cover correlated with denser and more species-rich regeneration communities only when neighbouring forests were young. This pattern was promoted by non-vertebrate dispersed species. Besides, regeneration communities in tree-plantings near to young forests had lower seed-mass and relative abundances of forest-specialists, compared to communities found near old forest patches. ConclusionRegeneration is likely denser in landscapes of vast young-forest coverage. However, small-seeded and habitat-generalist species, frequently related to disturbance tolerance, tend to be dominant if old-growth forests are far away. This biased seed source appears to preclude the restoration of typical historic tropical forest composition.

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“…Segundo Nowosad;Stepinski (2018) houve um avanço significativo em investigações de padrões de paisagens em nível global. Muitas destas investigações, aplicam métricas de paisagens para: entendimento da integridade espacial, delimitação de corredores e conectividade da paisagem (SALOMÃO et al, 2018;SCHACKELFORD et al, 2018;SIMPKINS et al, 2018); análise do planejamento espacial e proteção dos serviços prestados pela natureza (INKOOM et al, 2018); subsidiar gestão de unidades de conservação (SILVA; LIMA, 2016; MIZAEL, 2016), estratégias para recuperação de áreas degradadas (PAULA et al, 2015;TOLEDO et al, 2018), ambientes de mineração (LEI et al, 2016) e paisagens ameaçadas pelo avanço da exploração de petróleo e gás no sistema costeiros (MARTINS, 2017).…”

Section: Métricas De Paisagens Podem Ser Eficazes No Ordenamento Territorial E Ambiental?unclassified

Ecologia De Paisagens Aplicada Ao Ordenamento Territorial E Gestão Florestal: Procedimento Metodológicos

França

Morandi

Menezes

et al. 2019

NAT

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No sentido de contribuir com o avanço das investigações científicas sobre Ecologia de Paisagens no contexto do ordenamento territorial e gestão florestal de recursos naturais, este estudo teve como objetivo reunir e discutir os principais conceitos e temáticas sobre a Ecologia de Paisagens, a abordar o uso da geotecnologia para análises estruturais e métricas da paisagem. A partir de revisão bibliográfica nacional e internacional, relativamente dos mais clássicos aos mais recentes estudos sobre o assunto. As bases dos periódicos científicos utilizados foram: Web of Science, Scielo (Nacional), Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar e Brazilian Digital Library of Theses. Foram destacados os conceitos fundamentais e aplicações nas áreas das ciências ambientais e florestais, no sentido de valorar estratégias e tomadas de decisões no planejamento e gestão ambiental rural. Neste trabalho, também foi apresentado o procedimento metodológico para cálculo das métricas da paisagem, por meio da extensão Patch Analyst, aplicada ao Software ArcGIS. Foram compiladas informações de 50 artigos científicos publicados no Brasil e exterior, onde constatou-se relevância significativa e viabilidade do uso dos índices e métricas da Ecologia de Paisagens para fins geográficos e ecológicos, embora, constatou-se que existem lacunas a serem preenchidas sobre o tema no Brasil, em relação às produções científicas, ainda escassas, sobretudo com análises mais concretas e direcionadas. O estudo permitiu a ampliação do conhecimento teórico sobre o tema no país e, espera-se que seja parte integrante e subsidiária para outros estudos sobre restauração ambiental, conexão de paisagens, mosaicos florestais e ordenamento territorial.Palavras-chave: fragmentação florestal; métricas de paisagens; planejamento e gestão ambiental rural; patch analyst; sistema de informações geográficas. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY APPLIED TO TERRITORIAL ORDER AND FOREST MANAGEMENT: METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES ABSTRACT: In order to contribute to the advancement of scientific research on Landscape Ecology in the context of spatial planning and forest management of natural resources, this study aimed to gather and discuss the main concepts and themes on Landscape Ecology, to address the use of geotechnology for structural analysis and landscape metrics. Based on national and international bibliographic review, relatively from the most classic to the most recent studies on the subject. The bases of the scientific journals used were: Web of Science, Scielo (National), Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and Brazilian Digital Library of Theses. Key concepts and applications in the areas of environmental and forest sciences were highlighted in order to evaluate strategies and decision making in rural environmental planning and management. In this work, we also presented the methodological procedure for calculating the landscape metrics, through the Patch Analyst extension, applied to the ArcGIS Software. We compiled information from 50 scientific articles published in Brazil and abroad, where significant relevance and feasibility of the use of indexes and metrics of Ecology of Landscapes for geographic and ecological purposes was verified, although, it was verified that there are gaps to be filled on the theme in Brazil, in relation to the scientific productions, still scarce, especially with more concrete and directed analyzes. The study allowed the expansion of theoretical knowledge about the subject in the country and is expected to be an integral and subsidiary to other studies on environmental restoration, connection of landscapes, forest mosaics and land use planning.Keywords: forest fragmentation; landscape metrics; rural environmental planning and management; patch analyst; geographic information system.

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Ecological restoration efforts in tropical rural landscapes: Challenges and policy implications in a highly degraded region

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

Dynamics of Natural Regeneration: Implications for Landscape Restoration in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Dynamics of Natural Regeneration: Implications for Landscape Restoration in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Restoring tropical forest composition is more difficult, but recovering tree-cover is faster, when neighbouring forests are young

Ecologia De Paisagens Aplicada Ao Ordenamento Territorial E Gestão Florestal: Procedimento Metodológicos

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