Ecological planning proposal for Kruger National Park

Riet, W. F. Van; Cooks, Jamal

doi:10.1007/bf02394203

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although the boundaries of the ecoregions used in this analysis extend beyond the borders of Idaho, we feel that, as in many areas of the world, political bound-aries will continue to play an important role in conservation planning efforts (Van Riet & Cooks 1990). For example, Idaho is the only western state that does not have a national park headquartered within its borders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ecological Evaluation of Proposed New Conservation Areas in Idaho: Evaluating Proposed Idaho National Parks

Wright¹,

MacCracken²,

Hall³

1994

Conservation Biology

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sceni¢ recreational and geological re. source~ However, the biological resources that would be protected by these proposals have received relatively little conslderattort We used the U.X Fish and Wildlife Service's Gap Analysis Project databases to evaluate the vegetation types contained in each proposal The scale of analysis was an ecoregion with the proposals falling within three of six ecoregtons that encompass Idah~ Databases included vegetation type, land ownership, and land protection statu~ which were analyzed using a geographic information systent Vegetation types were used as surrogates for information on the distribution of other biological resources (L¢, biodiversity). A conservation strategy was evaluated that would preseme at least 10% of each vegetation type in an ecoregiorL Only 15% of the vegetation types in the three ecoregions were protected under this crtUriorL The four pro-Paper submttted August 24, 1992; revised manuscript acceptedJu~ 12, 1993. Una evaluaci6n ecoldgica de nuevas ireas de conservaci6n propuestas en Idaho: Evaluando parques nacionales propuestos en Idaho Resumen: Cuatro nuevas dreas en el estado de ldal~ U.S.A, hart sido propuesta~ por distintos grupos intereresados en el tera~ para ser desiMum~ como Parqu~ Nacionale~ Las cuafro dreas promedian 220.000 ha y contienen recursos bio-16gico~ escdnicog recreacionales y geol6gicos importante.~ Sin embarg~ los recursos btol6g~cos que sedan protegldos por esas propuestas ban recibldo poca atenct6tt Nosotros usamos la base de datos del "Gap Analysis Project" del "U.£ Fish and Wildlife Services" para evaluar los tipos de vegeta-ci6n contenidos en cada propuestct La escala de andlisis fue la de eco-regi6n con las propuestas contenidas en tres de las seis eco-regiones que abarcan Idaho. La base de datos incluyd tipos de vegetact6~ tenencta de tterras y el estado de protecct6n de los tlerrag tales datos fueron analizados usando sistemas de informaci(m geogrdflco.~ Los tipos de vegetaci6n fueron usados como substttutos de informaci6n sobre la distribuci6n de otros recursos bioldgicos (ge, biodiversidad). Se evalu6 una estrategia de cons~6n que pres~ por lo menos el 10% de cada ttpo de vegetaci6n en cada ecoregi6rt S6lo el 15% de los tipos de vegetacidn en 207 208 Proposed Idaho National Parks Wrisht et al.posals added little to this figure because 67-78% of the veg. etation types found in the proposals were already protected elsewhere in each ecoregiorL Between 16--30% of the land areas in the proposals provided protection for vegetation types that were prevtously unprotected We increased the size of each proposal by including vegetation types in a 15 km zone around each proposal in an attempt to enhance pro. tectiorL None of the proposals could be feasibly modified to reach the 10% protection goal for all of the vegetation typeg Howev~, the protection provided by each proposal could be enhanced to varying degrees with the addition of relatively few hectares to their land are~z Although national parks throughout the world play an import...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ecological Evaluation of Proposed New Conservation Areas in Idaho: Evaluating Proposed Idaho National Parks

Wright¹,

MacCracken²,

Hall³

1994

Conservation Biology

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“…In line with the views on the practical application of theoretically based planning processes, it is important to test theories not only in regional context (Van Riet and Cooks, 1990b), but also to change scale and test them in a design application on a very small scale. Many visitors to Kruger National Park are attracted by the fact that they can participate in or just enjoy the conservation activities in the region.…”

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“…The establishment and selection of suitable sites for two camps in the Kruger National Park, Mopane and Berg-en-Dal, were based on the procedures outlined by Van Riet and Cooks (1990b). The facilities should provide not only the physical structures necessary for resting, eating, and sleeping, but also for the continuation of the experiences normally associated with the natural environment outside the camp.…”

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Planning and design of Berg-en-Dal, a new camp in Kruger National Park

Riet

Cooks

1990

Environmental Management

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The premise of this article is that the planning and design of new rest camps in conservation areas should be based on ecological principles in such a way that the plant ecology within the camp be an integral part and extension of the natural ecology of its immediate vicinity. This is desirable so that visitors to the camp will be provided not only with facilities for resting, eating, and sleeping, but also be able to enjoy and study the natural environment in a re-laxed atmosphere. The Berg-en-Dal rest camp, which was established in Kruger National Park, was planned in such a way and designed according to the principles outlined by the authors in a companion article.

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An ecological planning model

Riet

Cooks

1990

Environmental Management

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/ In this article a model is proposed that could be used as a basis for ecological planning of natural resources. The role of people as part of the ecosystem is emphasized, and the various factors that should be considered in such planning are discussed.An understanding of ecological planning is dependent on the study of human activities in, and the nature of, natural ecosystems. It also depends on the fact that people are a part of nature, and as a result nature is of value to humans. Realizing the importance of this principle is a prerequisite to studying nature and also for an understanding of the various steps in the ecological planning approach.Realization of these values is often through a series of activities that may result in a negative environmental impact. Nature is described as an interacting group of natural features and processes. In this study both the features and processes are described as natural resources. The use of these natural resources obviously affects them, and if this use is to continue over a long period, both the activity and the resource must be understood if they are to be maintained in a productive state. In order to limit impact and maintain value, a planning aid called zoning is used to assist in the understanding of the processes involved.The complex social composition of the population of South Africa has resulted in conditions similar to those existing in both first-and third-world countries. The vast difference in approach of these two types of development categories is illustrated by planning proposals for the highly industrialized Johannesburg complex on the one hand and remote rural areas such as Maputaland in northern Natal (Tinley and Van Riet 1981) on the other. Relationship between People and Their EnvironmentPeople have always been dependent on nature and it is clear that, for our continued existence, natural resources will have to be utilized and managed properly. The evolution of human social structure has continued through changes in methods of tapping the energy flow in our environment. According to Cohen (1971), changes in the method of tapping this energy have caused an increased impact on the system. In the long term, however, the continued use of the available natural resources will depend on our knowledge of the functioning of such natural resources. Human cultural

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Ecological planning proposal for Kruger National Park

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

An Ecological Evaluation of Proposed New Conservation Areas in Idaho: Evaluating Proposed Idaho National Parks

An Ecological Evaluation of Proposed New Conservation Areas in Idaho: Evaluating Proposed Idaho National Parks

Planning and design of Berg-en-Dal, a new camp in Kruger National Park

An ecological planning model

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