Ecological Mowing: An Option for Sustainable Weed Management in Young Citrus Orchards

Martinelli, Rodrigo; Monquero, Patrícia Andréa; Fontanétti, Anastácia; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; Azevedo, Fernando Alves de

doi:10.1017/wet.2017.3

Cited by 19 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pacheco et al (2016) studied the use of cover crops such as U. ruziziensis in no-tillage and conventional systems with soybean, corn and rice crops in the cerrado of Piauí and demonstrated significant reductions in the emergence and accumulation of weeds. Martinelli et al (2017) studied the effect of two species of Urochloa on the Citrus and found that Urochloa as a cover is a good option for the sustainable and integrated management of weeds. Nepomuceno et al (2017) studied the effect of U. ruziziensis when used as a vegetative cover in the cultivation of transgenic soybeans, and found that extracts collected from U. ruziziensis contained substances which can control the growth of weeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Biochemical Study of Bidens pilosa on the Effects of Extract of Urochloa ruziziensis

Coelho¹,

Galletti²,

Britta³

et al. 2019

JAS

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Bidens pilosa is an aggressive species that competes with crops and, in addition, has a high capacity to acquire resistance or tolerance to herbicides. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of Urochloa ruziziensis on germination, development, respiration, antioxidant enzymes and cells morphology of B. pilosa seedlings during initial growth at laboratory.The seeds were sown with water or U. ruziziensis extract at concentrations of 250, 500 and 900 ppm, and after four days the percentage of germinated seeds, root and hypocotyl development, as well as respiration, peroxidase and catalase activity by seedlings, were analysed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means compared by the Tukey test and regression analysis. The cellular structures of the root with U. ruziziensis extract treatment (0, 500 and 900 ppm) were also analysed by transmission electron microscopy. The application of the extract reduced the germination of the seeds. The root growth increased, however, there was a reduction in the dry matter mass at 500 ppm. Mitochondrial respiration decreased and there was an increase in the activity of the peroxidase and catalase enzymes at 500 ppm. Morphological changes in the cells were also found, mainly with this concentration. Thus, it is possible can be concluded that allelochemicals present in extract from U. ruziziensis have the potential to provoke oxidative stress in B. pilosa seedlings in laboratory, mainly at a concentration of 500 ppm. This oxidative stress caused alterations mainly in the energetic metabolism of this plant, being this a primordial factor for its growth and survival. y= -52,09x + 407,1 R 2 = 83% y= -40,71x + 322,8 R 2 = 89% y= -40,71x + 322,8 R 2 = 90% Aqueous extract of Urochloa ruzizienses Oxygen consumption (nmol min -1 g -1 )

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Biochemical Study of Bidens pilosa on the Effects of Extract of Urochloa ruziziensis

Coelho¹,

Galletti²,

Britta³

et al. 2019

JAS

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“…Weed control is important in young orchards where canopy shadowing is low and weeds are not naturally suppressed. Furthermore, competition for water and nutrients is high during this period [13]. The depositing of Urochloa spp.…”

Section: Soil Microbiological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the herbicide glyphosate in citrus rows is a common practice in citrus orchards [13,14]. However, despite its biodegradation in soil, its effect on the shikimic acid pathway can cause disturbances in the cellular metabolism of bacteria, fungi, plants, and other organisms [15], and can harm the composition of the soil microbial community [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brazil, after China, is the second largest citrus producer in the world, producing 19.6 million tons per year, and the fifth largest producer of lemons and limes, at 1.3 million tons per year [20]. However, the lack of sustainable practices by the vast majority of lemon and lime producers [21], who usually use harrows and plows and do not cover the soil in the inter-rows [13], accelerates the decomposition of organic matter and the loss of microbial biomass [8]. Furthermore, intense machine traffic in orchards has resulted in soil loss and reduced microbiological quality, with a consequent limitation in fruit yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implication of Urochloa spp. Intercropping and Conservation Agriculture on Soil Microbiological Quality and Yield of Tahiti Acid Lime in Long Term Orchard Experiment

Arantes¹,

Cotta

Conceição

et al. 2020

Agriculture

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Techniques such as intercropping and minimum tillage improve soil quality, including soil microbial activity, which stimulates the efficient use of soil resources by plants. However, the effects of such practices in soil under citrus orchards have not been well characterized. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of mowing and intercrop species on soil microbiological characteristics beneath a Tahiti acid lime orchard. The orchard was planted using minimum tillage and intercropped with two species of Urochloa species (U. ruziziensis—ruzi grass; U. decumbens—signal grass), with two types of mowers for Urochloa biomass (ecological; conventional) and herbicide applications. The study was conducted over 10 years. The ecological mower made the largest deposition of the intercrop biomass, thus providing the lowest disturbance of soil microbial activity and increasing, on average over all 10 years, the basal soil respiration (45%), microbial biomass carbon (25%), abundance of 16S rRNA (1.5%) and ITS (3.5%) genes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (30%), and providing a ca. 20% higher fruit yield. U. ruziziensis in combination with ecological mowing stimulated the abundance of the genes nifH (1.5%) and phoD (3.0%). The herbicide showed little influence. We conclude that the use of U. ruziziensis as an intercrop in citrus orchards subjected to ecological mowing can be recommended for improving and sustaining soil quality and citrus fruit production.

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“…The State of São Paulo (SP) accounts for~77% of the national production of orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), being the main exporter of concentrated orange juice [2]. However, the yield of citrus fruit is not the best in the world, mainly due to improper management of the plantations by growers [3]. The average orange yield is 27.6 tons ha −1 , occupying the 13th world rankings [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate Resistance in Amaranthus viridis in Brazilian Citrus Orchards

et al. 2020

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Glyphosate is the main tool for weed management in Brazilian citrus orchards, where weeds, such as Conyza bonariensis and Digitaria insularis, have been found with resistance to this herbicide. Field prospections have allowed the identification of a possible new case of glyphosate resistance. In this work, the susceptibility levels to glyphosate on three Amaranthus viridis L. populations, with suspected resistance (R1, R2, and R-IAC), collected in citrus orchards from the São Paulo State, Brazil, as well as their accumulation rates of shikimic acid, were determined. The fresh weight of the susceptible population (S) was reduced by 50% (GR50) with ~30 g ea ha−1 glyphosate, while the GR50 values of the R populations were between 5.4 and 11.3 times higher than that for S population. The LD50 (herbicide dose to kill 50% of individuals of a weed population) values of the S population were ≤150 g ea ha−1 glyphosate, while the LD50 of the R populations ranged from 600 to 920 g ea ha−1. Based on the reduction of fresh weight and the survival rate, the R1 population showed the highest level of glyphosate resistance, which had GR50 and LD50 values of 248 and 918 g ea ha−1 glyphosate, respectively. The S population accumulated 240 µg shikimic acid at 1000 µM glyphosate, while the R1, R2, and R-IAC populations accumulated only 16, 43, and 33 µg shikimic acid, respectively (between 5.6 to 15 times less than the S population). Enzyme activity assays suggested that at least one target site-type mechanism was involved in resistance. This result revealed the first report of glyphosate resistance in A. viridis reported in the world.

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Ecological Mowing: An Option for Sustainable Weed Management in Young Citrus Orchards

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Morphological and Biochemical Study of Bidens pilosa on the Effects of Extract of Urochloa ruziziensis

Morphological and Biochemical Study of Bidens pilosa on the Effects of Extract of Urochloa ruziziensis

Implication of Urochloa spp. Intercropping and Conservation Agriculture on Soil Microbiological Quality and Yield of Tahiti Acid Lime in Long Term Orchard Experiment

Glyphosate Resistance in Amaranthus viridis in Brazilian Citrus Orchards

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