Ecological effects of the invasive parasite &lt;I&gt;Loxothylacus panopaei&lt;/I&gt; on the flatback mud crab &lt;I&gt;Eurypanopeus depressus&lt;/I&gt; with implications for estuarine communities

O'Shaughnessy, Kathryn A.; Harding, Juliana M.; Burge, Erin J.

doi:10.5343/bms.2013.1060

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, crab survival may be decreased due to starvation because the increased hiding time substantially reduces crab foraging (O'Shaughnessy et al, 2014;. However, as mentioned previously, the reduction in crab activity potentially decreases metabolic demands, which could offset starvation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Originally a native of the Gulf of Mexico, L. panopaei began to invade the eastern coast of the United States in 1964, presumably through the importation of oysters from the Gulf of Mexico, which likely bore infected crabs (Van Engel et al, 1966). The rhizocephalan has a prevalence of between 8% and 29% depending on the month, within North Inlet estuary in South Carolina (O'Shaughnessy et al, 2014;, but can reach as high as 90% in its introduced range (Hines et al, 1997;Kruse and Hare, 2007). Recently, found that mature L. panopaei reduces the functional response of E. depressus, limiting the amount of mussels the crab consumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rhizocephalan infection modifies host food consumption by reducing host activity levels

Belgrad

Griffen

2015

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizocephalan infection modifies host food consumption by reducing host activity levels

Belgrad

Griffen

2015

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…Rhizocephalans infecting brachyurans alter host behavior, feminize male hosts, and castrate both male and female hosts (Reinhard, 1956;Shields, Williams, & Boyko, 2015). Infection with the rhizocephalan Loxothylacus panopaei has been shown to alter host feeding and activity, increase susceptibility to predation, and change the structure of the larger ecological community (Belgrad & Griffen, 2015;Eash-Loucks, Kimball, & Petrinec, 2014;Gehman & Byers, 2017;O'Shaughnessy, Harding, & Burge, 2014;Toscano, Newsome, & Griffen, 2014). While L. panopaei was traditionally identified as a single parasite species that infects several panopeid crab species, recent molecular work has identified deep genetic divides within this taxonomic designation.…”

Section: Host-parasite Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent introductions reveal differential susceptibility to parasitism across an evolutionary mosaic

Tepolt

Darling

Blakeslee

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

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Parasitism can represent a potent agent of selection, and introduced parasites have the potential to substantially alter their new hosts' ecology and evolution. While significant impacts have been reported for parasites that switch to new host species, the effects of macroparasite introduction into naïve populations of host species with which they have evolved remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how the estuarine white‐fingered mud crab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) has adapted to parasitism by an introduced rhizocephalan parasite (Loxothylacus panopaei) that castrates its host. While the host crab is native to much of the East and Gulf Coasts of North America, its parasite is native only to the southern end of this range. Fifty years ago, the parasite invaded the mid‐Atlantic, gradually expanding through previously naïve host populations. Thus, different populations of the same host species have experienced different degrees of historical interaction (and thus potential evolutionary response time) with the parasite: long term, short term, and naïve. In nine estuaries across this range, we examined whether and how parasite prevalence and host susceptibility to parasitism differs depending on the length of the host's history with the parasite. In field surveys, we found that the parasite was significantly more prevalent in its introduced range (i.e., short‐term interaction) than in its native range (long‐term interaction), a result that was also supported by a meta‐analysis of prevalence data covering the 50 years since its introduction. In controlled laboratory experiments, host susceptibility to parasitism was significantly higher in naïve hosts than in hosts from the parasite's native range, suggesting that host resistance to parasitism is under selection. These results suggest that differences in host–parasite historical interaction can alter the consequences of parasite introductions in host populations. As anthropogenically driven range shifts continue, disruptions of host–parasite evolutionary relationships may become an increasingly important driver of ecological and evolutionary change.

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“…In a controlled lab experiment, parasitized crabs consumed significantly fewer mussels than unparasitized crabs. Eventually, this may result in trophic changes in intertidal oyster reef systems as predator-prey relationships in the system have been modified because of a release in crab predation intensity on mussels (O'Shaughnessy et al, 2014). Direct and indirect effects of parasite spillover can also propagate to varying degrees through food webs and can thereby induce a trophic cascade, affecting the community and ecosystem on a large scale ).…”

Section: Co-introductions Of Parasites and Spillover To Native Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and marine invasions: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Goedknegt

Feis

Wegner

et al. 2016

Journal of Sea Research

118

120

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oWorldwide, marine and coastal ecosystems are heavily invaded by introduced species and the potential role of parasites in the success and impact of marine invasions has been increasingly recognized. In this review, we link recent theoretical developments in invasion ecology with empirical studies from marine ecosystems in order to provide a conceptual framework for studying the role of parasites and their hosts in marine invasions. Based on an extensive literature search, we identified six mechanisms in which invaders directly or indirectly affect parasite and host populations and communities: I) invaders can lose some or all of their parasites during the invasion process (parasite release or reduction), often causing a competitive advantage over native species; II) invaders can also act as a host for native parasites, which may indirectly amplify the parasite load of native hosts (parasite spillback); III) invaders can also be parasites themselves and be introduced without needing co-introduction of the host (introduction of free-living infective stages); IV) alternatively, parasites may be introduced together with their hosts (parasite co-introduction with host); V) consequently, these co-introduced parasites can sometimes also infect native hosts (parasite spillover); and VI) invasive species may be neither a host nor a parasite, but nevertheless affect native parasite host interactions by interfering with parasite transmission (transmission interference). We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of each of these mechanisms and generally note several substantial effects on natural communities and ecosystems via i) mass mortalities of native populations creating strong selection gradients, ii) indirect changes in species interactions within communities and iii) trophic cascading and knock-on effects in food webs that may affect ecosystem function and services. Our review demonstrates a wide range of ecological and evolutionary implications of marine invasions for parasite-host interactions and suggests that parasite-mediated impacts should be integrated in assessing the risks and consequences of biological invasions.

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Ecological effects of the invasive parasite <I>Loxothylacus panopaei</I> on the flatback mud crab <I>Eurypanopeus depressus</I> with implications for estuarine communities

Cited by 30 publications

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Rhizocephalan infection modifies host food consumption by reducing host activity levels

Rhizocephalan infection modifies host food consumption by reducing host activity levels

Recent introductions reveal differential susceptibility to parasitism across an evolutionary mosaic

Parasites and marine invasions: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

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