Rhizocephalan infection modifies host food consumption by reducing host activity levels

Belgrad, Benjamin A.; Griffen, Blaine D.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.02.011

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…There is evidence that rootlets of the interna penetrate the neural ganglia within the ventral nervous cord of the host [40][41][42] . This is consistent with the significant metabolic and behavioural changes that infected crabs start to exhibit involving hormonal balance, respiration rate, hiding behavior, food consumption rate, aggressiveness and many others [34][35][36][37][38][39] . One may conjecture that there should be significant differences in histological structure and ultrastructure of the specialized rootlets invading the neural tissue and the trophic rootlets located within the body cavity of the host 6,26,27,29,[40][41][42] .…”

Section: Rhizocephalan Barnacles Are a Unique Group Of Endoparasitic supporting

confidence: 75%

“…However, the parasite forces the host to disseminate its own nauplii. The infestation by rhizocephalans reduces the level of aggressiveness and general activity of the infected crabs which might be considered a sort of manipulation also aimed at protecting the externa from damage [34][35][36][37][38] . At the same time, the voracity of the infected individuals increases 39 .…”

Section: Rhizocephalan Barnacles Are a Unique Group Of Endoparasitic mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specialized structures on the border between rhizocephalan parasites and their host’s nervous system reveal potential sites for host-parasite interactions

Miroliubov

Borisenko

Nesterenko

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Rhizocephalan barnacles are a unique group of endoparasitic crustaceans. In their extreme adaptation to endoparasitism, rhizocephalan adults have lost almost all features of their free-living relatives but acquired an outstanding degree of control over the body of their hosts (mostly decapods). The subtle influence exercised by rhizocephalans on the physiology, morphology and behaviour of their hosts is a vivid example of the most intimate host-parasite interactions but their mechanisms are very poorly known. In this study we examined the morphology and the adaptive ultrastructure of the organs invading the nervous system of the host in two rhizocephalan species from the families Peltogastridae, (Peltogaster paguri) and Peltogasterellidae (Peltogasterella gracilis). We found two essentially different types of structures involved in interactions of these two rhizocephalans with the nervous system of their hosts: modified rhizocephalan rootlets lying inside the ganglia and the neural fibres of the host enlacing the trophic rootlets of the parasites. We suggest that both these structures may be highly specialized tools allowing the parasite to interact with the host on the humoral level via neuromediators, hormones, attractants and trophic factors.

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Section: Rhizocephalan Barnacles Are a Unique Group Of Endoparasitic supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Rhizocephalan Barnacles Are a Unique Group Of Endoparasitic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized structures on the border between rhizocephalan parasites and their host’s nervous system reveal potential sites for host-parasite interactions

Miroliubov

Borisenko

Nesterenko

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Rhizocephalans infecting brachyurans alter host behavior, feminize male hosts, and castrate both male and female hosts (Reinhard, 1956;Shields, Williams, & Boyko, 2015). Infection with the rhizocephalan Loxothylacus panopaei has been shown to alter host feeding and activity, increase susceptibility to predation, and change the structure of the larger ecological community (Belgrad & Griffen, 2015;Eash-Loucks, Kimball, & Petrinec, 2014;Gehman & Byers, 2017;O'Shaughnessy, Harding, & Burge, 2014;Toscano, Newsome, & Griffen, 2014). While L. panopaei was traditionally identified as a single parasite species that infects several panopeid crab species, recent molecular work has identified deep genetic divides within this taxonomic designation.…”

Section: Host-parasite Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent introductions reveal differential susceptibility to parasitism across an evolutionary mosaic

Tepolt

Darling

Blakeslee

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

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Parasitism can represent a potent agent of selection, and introduced parasites have the potential to substantially alter their new hosts' ecology and evolution. While significant impacts have been reported for parasites that switch to new host species, the effects of macroparasite introduction into naïve populations of host species with which they have evolved remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how the estuarine white‐fingered mud crab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) has adapted to parasitism by an introduced rhizocephalan parasite (Loxothylacus panopaei) that castrates its host. While the host crab is native to much of the East and Gulf Coasts of North America, its parasite is native only to the southern end of this range. Fifty years ago, the parasite invaded the mid‐Atlantic, gradually expanding through previously naïve host populations. Thus, different populations of the same host species have experienced different degrees of historical interaction (and thus potential evolutionary response time) with the parasite: long term, short term, and naïve. In nine estuaries across this range, we examined whether and how parasite prevalence and host susceptibility to parasitism differs depending on the length of the host's history with the parasite. In field surveys, we found that the parasite was significantly more prevalent in its introduced range (i.e., short‐term interaction) than in its native range (long‐term interaction), a result that was also supported by a meta‐analysis of prevalence data covering the 50 years since its introduction. In controlled laboratory experiments, host susceptibility to parasitism was significantly higher in naïve hosts than in hosts from the parasite's native range, suggesting that host resistance to parasitism is under selection. These results suggest that differences in host–parasite historical interaction can alter the consequences of parasite introductions in host populations. As anthropogenically driven range shifts continue, disruptions of host–parasite evolutionary relationships may become an increasingly important driver of ecological and evolutionary change.

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“…The externa is a temporarily formed structure containing the female's reproductive system (Høeg, 1995;Bresciani, Høeg, 2001). Nowadays there are numerous papers on the phylogeny, development, evolution, parasite-host interactions, and others aspects of the rhizocephalan biology (Alvarez et al, 1995(Alvarez et al, , 2002Høeg, 1995;Bresciani, Høeg, 2001;Graham, 2001;Bortolini, Alvarez, 2008;Kristensen et al, 2012;Belgrad, Griffen, 2015;Nagler et al, 2017;Pérez-Miguel, 2017;Lützen et al, 2018;Zacher, 2018). However, morphology of interna is still poorly described, especially in the terms of the muscular system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscular system in the interna of Polyascus polygenea and Sacculina pilosella (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae)

et al. 2019

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Rhizocephala is a group of unique and highly specialized parasitic crustaceans. Due to specialization in endoparasitism adult rhizocephalans have lost almost all the traits of free-living crustaceans. Despite large amount of data on different aspects of their biology there is still insufficient knowledge of their interna morphology. The muscular system in interna has been found and described only for Peltogaster paguri from the family Peltogastridae. The aim of our study is to visualize and describe muscular system in the interna of Polyascus polygenea and Sacculina pilosella (family Sacculinidae). Representatives of both species have similar type of muscular system, which is significantly different from that in P. paguri. The muscular system of the sacculinids consists of muscular rosettes located within the body wall of each rootlet. Muscle fibers in these rosettes are oriented in different directions. Tiny muscular processes connect the rosettes to each other. These contractile elements form a joint net-like muscular system. We suggest that this muscular system provides peristaltic movement of the roots and transports nutrients within the interna.

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Rhizocephalan infection modifies host food consumption by reducing host activity levels

Cited by 19 publications

References 56 publications

Specialized structures on the border between rhizocephalan parasites and their host’s nervous system reveal potential sites for host-parasite interactions

Specialized structures on the border between rhizocephalan parasites and their host’s nervous system reveal potential sites for host-parasite interactions

Recent introductions reveal differential susceptibility to parasitism across an evolutionary mosaic

Muscular system in the interna of Polyascus polygenea and Sacculina pilosella (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae)

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