Ecological change alters the evolutionary response to harvest in a freshwater fish

Gobin, Jenilee; Lester, Nigel P.; Fox, Michael G.; Dunlop, Erin S.

doi:10.1002/eap.1805

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…The latter is well exemplified by human exploitation or purposeful artificial selection in wild or captive populations. Size and age selective fishing induces the evolution of early maturity, slower growth, smaller size [68][69][70]. Early studies in insects showed that directly selecting for further culture, only offspring born to primiparous parents lead to the quick evolution of reduced lifespan [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity of senescence inDaphniaunder predation impact: no ageing acceleration when the perceived risk decreases with age

et al. 2020

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Recognising the nature of the predation risk, and responding to it accurately, is crucial to fitness. Yet, even the most accurate adaptive responses to predation risk usually entail costs, both immediate and lifelong. Rooting in life-history theory, we hypothesize that an animal can perceive the nuances of prey size and age selectivity by the predator and modulate its life history accordingly. We test the prediction that-contrary to the faster or earlier senescence under predation risk that increases with prey size and age-under predation risk that decreases with prey size and age either no senescence acceleration or even its deceleration is to be observed. We use two species of indeterminate growers, small crustaceans of the genus Daphnia, Daphnia Pulex and Daphnia magna, as the model prey, and their respective gape-limited invertebrate predators, a dipteran, midge larva Chaoborus flavicans, and a notostracan, tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis. We analyse age-specific survival, mortality and fertility rates, and find no senescence acceleration, as predicted. With this study, we complete the picture of the expected non-consumptive phenotypic effects of perceived predation pressure of different age-dependence patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity of senescence inDaphniaunder predation impact: no ageing acceleration when the perceived risk decreases with age

et al. 2020

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“…Lake whitefish are a commercially harvested fish in the Great Lakes, with Lake Huron contributing the highest catches among the Great Lakes (Brenden et al 2013). In Lake Huron, lake whitefish have undergone changes over time in population abundance, growth, recruitment, and ages and sizes at maturity (Gobin et al 2015(Gobin et al , 2016(Gobin et al , 2018. Lake whitefish ages and sizes at maturation are predicted to evolve in response to harvest, depending on factors such as the minimum size limit and harvest rate (Dunlop et al 2018, Gobin et al 2018.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in maturation traits, generally towards earlier maturation at smaller sizes, have been observed in numerous exploited fish populations (Trippel 1995;Law 2000;Sharpe and Hendry 2009) and have preceded substantial declines in stock productivity (Trippel 1995;Olsen et al 2004). Harvesting can lead to maturation-related change demographically, through the truncation of the age and size distribution of the population (Heino and Dieckmann 2008), through density-dependent phenotypic plasticity (Trippel 1995), and from genetic change brought about by selective harvest (i.e., harvest-or fisheries-induced evolution) (Hutchings and Fraser 2008;Heino et al 2015;Dunlop et al 2018). Rates of change in the timing of maturation of exploited stocks have been rapid (Trippel 1995;Sharpe and Hendry 2009;Devine et al 2012;Audzijonyte et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we use a previously published eco-genetic model (Gobin et al 2018) to evaluate our ability to estimate PMRNs from phenotypic data and detect harvest-induced evolution of maturation in the presence of ecological and evolutionary change in maturation traits. Eco-genetic models are life history models that include details pertinent to the evolutionary process such as inheritance and genetic trait expression, while also allowing for relevant ecological feedbacks between populations and the environment (Dunlop et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maturation reaction norm evolution under varying conditions of eco-evolutionary change

Gobin

Fox

Dunlop

2021

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) are commonly used to infer evolution of maturation age and size in wild fish stocks, but how well estimates from phenotypic data actually reflect underlying genotypes is debated. We used an eco-genetic model of a commercially harvested freshwater fish to simulate populations undergoing various levels of fisheries-induced evolution and density-dependent feedback and evaluated effects on the estimation of PMRNs. We estimated PMRNs from phenotypic data sampled from simulated populations (age, length, and maturation status of individuals), as is done on wild stocks, and compared estimates with the known maturation genotypes of individuals in the simulated population. PMRN estimates were robust to changes in the strength of density-dependent growth and high levels of fisheries-induced evolution. However, our ability to detect slower rates of evolution was limited, especially when individuals matured within a narrow range of ages. This study suggests that the widely applied method of estimating PMRNs from readily available phenotypic data to detect underlying evolution of maturation schedule is robust to some key factors that vary in wild populations.

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“…Recently, eco-genetic models have further revealed that the presence and strength of density-dependent plasticity in somatic growth can alter the amount and direction of direct harvest selection (Gobin et al 2018, Modulation pathway in Fig. 1).…”

Section: /37mentioning

confidence: 99%

Density-dependent natural selection mediates harvest-induced trait changes

Bouffet-Halle¹,

Mériguet²,

Carmignac³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Harvesting has been demonstrated to cause rapid, yield-decreasing trait change towards slower somatic growth and earlier maturation in wild populations. These changes are largely considered to result from direct, density-independent harvest selection on traits. Here, we show that exact same trait changes may also indirectly result from a harvest-induced relaxation of density-dependent (K) natural selection for faster growth and delayed maturation. We exposed 12 pond populations of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to contrasted size-selective harvesting during 5 years, and show that harvesting effectively changed juvenile natural mortality from density-dependent to density-independent. We then laboratory-reared medaka progeny under contrasted food levels mimicking the environmental effects of a harvest-induced density gradient. Interaction between past harvest regime and present food environment on progeny traits revealed that harvest-induced trait changes in medaka resulted from selection in a low-food environment only, i.e., were driven by relaxed K-selection only, not by direct harvest selection. Feeding trials further demonstrated that trait changes were associated with reorganizations in rates of food acquisition, assimilation and allocation that were contingent upon the food environments. This is the first study to demonstrate that harvesting can induce undesirable distortions of natural selection that impair productivity traits. We conclude that sustaining harvesting yields over extended time scales requires a preservation of high population densities.Significance statementFisheries management often opposes a density-dependent approach which prioritize the preservation of high population densities, and an evolutionary approach which consider that alleviating change towards smaller body sizes is paramount to the sustainability of harvesting. The evolutionary approach consider harvest-induced body downsizing to be density-independent, i.e., to result only from direct harvest selection against large-bodied individuals. Here, we show instead that harvest-induced body downsizing may be density-dependent because, by decreasing population density, fishing relaxes natural, density-dependent selection for large-bodied individuals. Therefore, preserving population numbers and alleviating body downsizing in harvested populations are not independent lines of management, but are in fact two necessary and complementary routes to reaching the same management objectives.

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Ecological change alters the evolutionary response to harvest in a freshwater fish

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Phenotypic plasticity of senescence inDaphniaunder predation impact: no ageing acceleration when the perceived risk decreases with age

Phenotypic plasticity of senescence inDaphniaunder predation impact: no ageing acceleration when the perceived risk decreases with age

Maturation reaction norm evolution under varying conditions of eco-evolutionary change

Density-dependent natural selection mediates harvest-induced trait changes

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