Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification: Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System

Havenhand, Jonathan N.; Filipsson, Helena L.; Niiranen, Susa; Troell, Max; Crépin, Anne‐Sophie; Jagers, Sverker C.; Langlet, David; Matti, Simon; Turner, David R.; Winder, Monica; Wit, Pierre De; Anderson, Leif G.

doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1110-3

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…Ocean water, after being pumped by an open-loop scrubber to wash away gaseous and particulate emissions and other toxic matters, flows into the ocean again. Hence, the operation of open-loop scrubber is considered to cause ocean acidification and pollution [59]. The finding agrees with that of Teuchies et al [60].…”

Section: Comparison Of Cost Benefits Of Strategiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Cost-Benefit Evaluation on Promising Strategies in Compliance with Low Sulfur Policy of IMO

Lin

2020

JMSE

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According to the amendment of the “International Convention for the Marine Prevention of Pollution from Ships” (MARPOL), Annex VI stating that the sulfur content in marine fuel oil cannot exceed 0.5 wt. % came into effect in 2020. This study uses cost-benefit analysis method to evaluate the feasibility and implementation benefits of those strategies. A container ship serving on the ship route is selected as a representative. It is found that the very low-sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) strategy has a higher total incremental cost than the scrubber strategy in the first 4.14 years, but then, the trend is reversed. After this container ship is equipped with a scrubber, the pollutant emission reduction is 5% higher than the condition of VLSFO only in the first year. The SOx and PM emission reduction rates of VLSFO strategy are higher than that of the scrubber strategy by 9% and 25%, respectively, within five years. In addition, during 3.3 years after the scrubber is installed, the cost-benefit ratio is higher than that of the VLSFO strategy. Hence, the scrubber for the ocean route container ships is merely a short-term compliance strategy within 3.3 years. In contrast, the low sulfur fuel oil strategy that less pollutant is emitted is a compliance strategy for periods longer than 3.3 years.

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Section: Comparison Of Cost Benefits Of Strategiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Cost-Benefit Evaluation on Promising Strategies in Compliance with Low Sulfur Policy of IMO

Lin

2020

JMSE

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“…This particular sea is strongly impacted by environmental variability, due to a relatively shallow water depth, a high land to water ratio, and the fact of being enclosed with limited excess to full marine seawater conditions 69 . Sporadic inflow events from the North Sea provide high-saline waters to this mostly brackish environment 69 , seasonal pH variability increases in amplitude 70,71 , and wind-driven sporadic up-welling shoals highly acidic and hypoxic water masses 72 . Regular tides are absent, while sporadic winddriven water level changes occur.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming and temperature variability determine the performance of two invertebrate predators

Lugo

Baumeister

Nour

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In a warming ocean, temperature variability imposes intensified peak stress, but offers periods of stress release. While field observations on organismic responses to heatwaves are emerging, experimental evidence is rare and almost lacking for shorter-scale environmental variability. for two major invertebrate predators, we simulated sinusoidal temperature variability (±3 °C) around todays' warm summer temperatures and around a future warming scenario (+4 °C) over two months, based on highresolution 15-year temperature data that allowed implementation of realistic seasonal temperature shifts peaking midpoint. Warming decreased sea stars' (Asterias rubens) energy uptake (Mytilus edulis consumption) and overall growth. Variability around the warming scenario imposed additional stress onto Asterias leading to an earlier collapse in feeding under sinusoidal fluctuations. Highpeak temperatures prevented feeding, which was not compensated during phases of stress release (low-temperature peaks). In contrast, increased temperatures increased feeding on Mytilus but not growth rates of the recent invader Hemigrapsus takanoi, irrespective of the scale at which temperature variability was imposed. This study highlights species-specific impacts of warming and identifies temperature variability at the scale of days to weeks/months as important driver of thermal responses. When species' thermal limits are exceeded, temperature variability represents an additional source of stress as seen from future warming scenarios.Global climate change is known to have profound impacts on marine ecosystems that range from distributional shifts and changes in species interactions to shifts in ecosystem function and diversity 1-4 . However, current knowledge on the impacts of climate change is based on experiments testing the effects of mean changes of stressors, rather than considering variability around means, or the role of climate extremes 5 .Environmental variability occurs at a variety of temporal (and spatial scales), from tidal to diurnal, over stochastic weekly to monthly patterns, and seasonal cycles, to large-scale inter-anneal variability. Irrespective of scale, this variability can impact organisms differently than changes in mean temperature (i.e. trends) 5,6 . High peaks of stressful temperatures might be lethal 7,8 , while excursions to below-stressful conditions can allow for stress relaxation 9 . Thus, in a warming ocean with already stressful mean temperature conditions 10 , environmental variability towards lower temperatures might create vital refuge from stress 9,11 . More theoretically, Jensen's inequality hypothesis postulates for non-linear functions (bell-shaped thermal performance curves, with an intermediate optimum), any variation around the mean should rise or lower the performance of an organism, when compared to constant environmental conditions 12 .Coastal waters are amongst the most valuable and productive ecosystems worldwide, providing a wide range of ecosystem services 1,13 . In the context of global climat...

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“…Spatial refugia based on the biological removal of CO 2 potentially exist in hotspots of primary production. For example, in highlatitude environments, the extended photoperiod and high nutrient levels maintain primary production and high pH for several months in summer (Duarte & Krause-Jensen, 2018;Havenhand et al, 2018;Kapsenberg et al, 2015;Krause-Jensen et al, 2016). Like other spatial refugia, high-latitude environments are not isolated from ocean acidification and are actually considered one of the most vulnerable ecosystems due to naturally cold, CO 2 -rich waters (Orr et al, 2005).…”

Section: Ocean Acidification Refugia Based On Mitigating Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification refugia in variable environments

Kapsenberg

Cyronak

2019

Global Change Biology

107

105

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Climate change refugia in the terrestrial biosphere are areas where species are protected from global environmental change and arise from natural heterogeneity in landscapes and climate. Within the marine realm, ocean acidification, or the global decline in seawater pH, remains a pervasive threat to organisms and ecosystems. Natural variability in seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) chemistry, however, presents an opportunity to identify ocean acidification refugia (OAR) for marine species. Here, we review the literature to examine the impacts of variable CO2 chemistry on biological responses to ocean acidification and develop a framework of definitions and criteria that connects current OAR research to management goals. Under the concept of managing vulnerability, the most likely mechanisms by which OAR can mitigate ocean acidification impacts are by reducing exposure to harmful conditions or enhancing adaptive capacity. While local management options, such as OAR, show some promise, they present unique challenges, and reducing global anthropogenic CO2 emissions must remain a priority.

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Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification: Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System

Cited by 11 publications

References 218 publications

Cost-Benefit Evaluation on Promising Strategies in Compliance with Low Sulfur Policy of IMO

Cost-Benefit Evaluation on Promising Strategies in Compliance with Low Sulfur Policy of IMO

Warming and temperature variability determine the performance of two invertebrate predators

Ocean acidification refugia in variable environments

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