Ecological and Economic Efficiency of Peat Fast Pyrolysis Projects as an Alternative Source of Raw Energy Resources

Farmer

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Soils have both direct and indirect impacts on available energy, but energy provision, in itself, has direct and indirect impacts on soils. Burning peats provides only approximately 0.02% of global energy supply yet emits approximately 0.7–0.8% of carbon losses from land-use change and forestry (LUCF). Bioenergy crops provide approximately 0.3% of energy supply and occupy approximately 0.2–0.6% of harvested area. Increased bioenergy demand is likely to encourage switching from forests and pastures to rotational energy cropping, resulting in soil carbon loss. However, with protective policies, incorporation of residues from energy provision could sequester approximately 0.4% of LUCF carbon losses. All organic wastes available in 2018 could provide approximately 10% of global energy supply, but at a cost to soils of approximately 5% of LUCF carbon losses; not using manures avoids soil degradation but reduces energy provision to approximately 9%. Wind farms, hydroelectric solar and geothermal schemes provide approximately 3.66% of energy supply and occupy less than approximately 0.3% of harvested area, but if sited on peatlands could result in carbon losses that exceed reductions in fossil fuel emissions. To ensure renewable energy provision does not damage our soils, comprehensive policies and management guidelines are needed that (i) avoid peats, (ii) avoid converting permanent land uses (such as perennial grassland or forestry) to energy cropping, and (iii) return residues remaining from energy conversion processes to the soil. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

Section: (B) Methods For Peat Extraction and Use For Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extracted peat is usually burnt to produce heat, either for direct use or for use in electricity generation [37]. There is also potential to use fast pyrolysis of peats to produce synthetic gas, synthetic oils and other high C materials at the same time as releasing thermal energy [37].…”

Section: Peat Extraction For Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of soils in provision of energy

Farmer

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

“…Sakamoto and Managi [20] defined energy efficiency and environmental quality as factors of comparative advantages in the industries, showing the empirical results of the impact of eco-efficiency indicators on industrial production. The reviews of the works of Carson [21], Vyboldina and Fedoseev [22], Didenko and Skripnuk [23], Tcvetkov and Strizhenok [24] indicate the need for further structural theoretical models of the relationship between industrial development and environmental situation. …”

Section: Overview Of the Relevant Problem Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industry and environment: modeling the global production impact on CO2

2017

Abstract. The article analyses the impact of global industrial production on CO2 emissions. The global economy comprises such industrial sectors as the primary economic sector (mining, wood processing industry), various processing industrial sectors, energy sector, housing and communal services and transportation sectors. We present the methodology of modelling global economy industrial impact on CO2 emissions. ADL-model (autoregressive distributed lags model) has been chosen as a theoretical basis. Eight variables affecting CO2 emissions per unit of production were chosen as exogenous: the reduction of forest area; the output of energy industries, utilities and extraction industries; wood processing industry; the volume of goods transported; the volume of transportation and communications sectors; the length of roads; the output of industries producing material resources. The primary statistic information on the endogenous and exogenous variables in many countries was collected. The endogenous and exogenous parameters for global economy based on the initial statistic information were defined as the geometric mean indices in the year t. The article presents a model of the global economy industries impact on CO2 emissions. The conclusions about the impact of industrial factors on CO2 emissions are drawn.

“…The possible way, offered in [BBT 2015], is the union of plants with energy companies. Moreover, Russia's scientific and technological base makes possible to reduce the cost of energy by realization of the local energy resources potential [Tcvetkov and Strizhenok 2016].…”

Section: Cement Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of the Environmental Technologies Implementation in the Cement Industry in Russia

2016

Self Cite

Russian cement industry is in decline. Enterprises operate on the basis of technologies developed in USSR. In this connection such fundamental issues of the enterprises functioning, as energy efficiency, environmental safety, resource-saving, resources provision and others, are overlooked. The paper attempts to define the priorities of the Russian cement industry development based on the experience of developed countries. The most promising technologies for the designated key areas were described and their benefits and drawbacks were identified. Due to the major role of the raw resources in Russian economy, the issues of increasing the efficiency of cement plants, should be discussed with considering the efficiency of mining enterprises extracting mineral raw materials needed for manufacturing process. Given the significant investments required to the industry modernization, which can not be achieved through government support, it is proposed to create conditions for the development of the integrated companies. In addition, a key factor that can ensure the sustainable development of the industry is a cross-sectoral cooperation , which will allow to organize a low-waste production cycle with a minimal costs of raw materials.