Ecofriendly Mechanochemical Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plants with Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract

A fast, highly efficient, and ecofriendly extraction method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for mechanochemical extraction (MCE) was developed to extract bioactive compounds from plants. Tea leaves containing bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and catechins were used to evaluate this method. Dozens of DESs and DESs/water mixtures were systematically studied and optimized to select optimized extraction conditions. The results showed that the extractions can be completed within 20 s. Moreover, the developed extraction method is more ecofriendly, faster, gentler, and more efficient than conventional methods. For many compounds, we could simply use the described method without optimization. On the other hand, the target compounds were extracted with various interferences because of the wide ranging high extraction efficiency. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with highresolution mass spectrometry was therefore used for qualitative and quantitative analysis to characterize the efficiency for individual compounds. To avoid the negative effect of DESs on chromatographic separation, the analytical performances of this method, including reproducibility (RSD, n = 5), correlation of determination (r 2 ), and the limit of detection, were determined.

Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Levulinic Acid and 1,4-Butanediol as an Extraction Media for Bioactive Alkaloid Rutaecarpine

“…DESs are generally produced by mixing two or more components that are capable of self-association to form a eutectic mixture with a melting point that is below that of the individual compounds [33]. Hydrogen-bonding interactions are the main diving force of this phenomenon [34].…”

Enhanced and Selective Lipid Extraction from the Microalga P. tricornutum by Dimethyl Carbonate and Supercritical CO2 Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Microwaves as Pretreatment

“…Previous studies reported the application of DES-MW/US for the extraction of polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids from various vegetable or waste biomasses, confirming the positive role of a combined chemical and thermal approach. 40,41,42,43 In fact, similarly to conventional ILs, DES can be efficiently coupled with MW irradiation due to their polar nature. Especially organic acid-based DES, which show the highest polarity.…”

Extraction and determination of bioactive flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus flowers using deep eutectic solvents coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…However, when the water content exceeded 70%, the extraction efficiencies decreased rapidly. This result may be caused by the destruction of the DES structure and resulted in the solubility reduction in DES of hyperoside and isoquercitrin . Therefore, DES‐5 (with 70% water) can be used to extract hyperoside and isoquercitrin.…”

“…Chen and his partners have used DESs‐mechanochemical extraction method to extract bioactive compounds such as flavonoids from plants. The extraction can be completed within 20 s with high efficiency . In comparison with the conventional solvents such as methanol, DESs had advantages of fast extraction speed, high efficiency for target ingredients, and low toxicity for environment and humans.…”