Eco1 Is a Novel Acetyltransferase that Can Acetylate Proteins Involved in Cohesion

Ivanov, Dmitri; Schleiffer, Alexander; Eisenhaber, Frank; Mechtler, Karl; Haering, Christian H.; Nasmyth, Kim

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00681-4

Cited by 220 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It remains to be fully elucidated what really happens at this transition at a mechanistic level. Early studies had pointed out the involvement of a specialized class of acetyltransferases (Eco1/Ctf7 in budding yeast; ESCO1 and ESCO2 in vertebrates) (Ivanov et al 2002;Bellows et al 2003). A series of subsequent studies showed that two conserved residues in SMC3 are the essential targets of the Eco1/ESCO1 acetyltransferase, and the acetylation reactions are indeed essential for cohesion establishment in budding yeast (Ben-Shahar et al 2008;Unal et al 2008) and humans (Zhang et al 2008).…”

Section: Cohesin Establishes Sister Chromatid Cohesion During S Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Dynamics during Mitosis

Hirano

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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The primary goal of mitosis is to partition duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells. Eukaryotic chromosomes are equipped with two distinct classes of intrinsic machineries, cohesin and condensins, that ensure their faithful segregation during mitosis. Cohesin holds sister chromatids together immediately after their synthesis during S phase until the establishment of bipolar attachments to the mitotic spindle in metaphase. Condensins, on the other hand, attempt to "resolve" sister chromatids by counteracting cohesin. The products of the balancing acts of cohesin and condensins are metaphase chromosomes, in which two rod-shaped chromatids are connected primarily at the centromere. In anaphase, this connection is released by the action of separase that proteolytically cleaves the remaining population of cohesin. Recent studies uncover how this series of events might be mechanistically coupled with each other and intricately regulated by a number of regulatory factors.

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Section: Cohesin Establishes Sister Chromatid Cohesion During S Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Dynamics during Mitosis

Hirano

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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“…Yeast, fly, and human CTF7 proteins exhibit acetyltransferase activity (Zou et al, 1999;Ivanov et al, 2002;Bellows et al, 2003;Williams et al, 2003). In order to determine if this is also the case for Arabidopsis CTF7, the protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized.…”

Section: Arabidopsis Contains a Single Ctf7 Gene That Lacks An N-termmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proper Levels of the Arabidopsis Cohesion Establishment Factor CTF7 Are Essential for Embryo and Megagametophyte, But Not Endosperm, Development

Jiang

Xia

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

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CTF7 is an essential gene in yeast that is required for the formation of sister chromatid cohesion. While recent studies have provided insights into how sister chromatid cohesion is established, less is known about how specifically CTF7 facilitates the formation of cohesion, and essentially nothing is known about how sister chromatid cohesion is established in plants. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of CTF7 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Arabidopsis CTF7 is similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTF7 in that it lacks an amino-terminal extension, exhibits acetyltransferase activity, and can complement a yeast ctf7 temperature-sensitive mutation. CTF7 transcripts are found throughout the plant, with the highest levels present in buds. Seeds containing T-DNA insertions in CTF7 exhibit mitotic defects in the zygote. Interestingly, the endosperm developed normally in ctf7 seeds, suggesting that CTF7 is not essential for mitosis in endosperm nuclei. Minor defects were observed in female gametophytes of ctf7 1/2 plants, and plants that overexpress CTF7 exhibited female gametophyte lethality. Pollen development appeared normal in both CTF7 knockout and overexpression plants. Therefore, proper levels of CTF7 are critical for female gametophyte and embryo development but not for the establishment of mitotic cohesion during microgametogenesis or during endosperm development.The proper formation of sister chromatid cohesion and its subsequent release at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition is essential for the proper segregation of genetic material during cell division. It is critical for the compaction of chromosomes and their bipolar attachment to the spindle, DNA double-strand break repair, and the regulation of gene expression (for review, see Nasmyth and Haering, 2009). Sister chromatid cohesion is controlled by the cohesin complex, which consists of a heterodimer of Structural Maintenance of Chromosome (SMC) proteins, SMC1 and SMC3, Sister Chromatid Cohesion (SCC) protein SCC3, and SCC1, an a-kleisin protein. Perhaps the most widely accepted model of how cohesin functions has been referred to as the ring model, where the cohesin ring encircles the replicated sisters, holding them together until SCC1 cleavage by separase at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition opens the ring, allowing the release of the sister chromatids (for review, see Nasmyth and Haering, 2009).

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“…Drosophila deco mutations affect cohesion primarily at centromeres . Although these proteins are acetyltransferase enzymes (Bellows et al 2003;Ivanov et al 2002), their in vivo substrates are unknown, and it has recently been shown that the acetyltransferase activity is not required for Ctf7/Eco1 to establish cohesion in yeast (Brands and Skibbens 2005).…”

Section: Pds5 (Spo76 Bimd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the sister chromatid cohesion apparatus in gene expression, development, and human syndromes

2006

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The sister chromatid cohesion apparatus mediates physical pairing of duplicated chromosomes. This pairing is essential for appropriate distribution of chromosomes into the daughter cells upon cell division. Recent evidence shows that the cohesion apparatus, which is a significant structural component of chromosomes during interphase, also affects gene expression and development. The Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and Roberts/SC phocomelia (RBS/SC) genetic syndromes in humans are caused by mutations affecting components of the cohesion apparatus. Studies in Drosophila suggest that effects on gene expression are most likely responsible for developmental alterations in CdLS. Effects on chromatid cohesion are apparent in RBS/SC syndrome, but data from yeast and Drosophila point to the likelihood that changes in expression of genes located in heterochromatin could contribute to the developmental deficits.

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Eco1 Is a Novel Acetyltransferase that Can Acetylate Proteins Involved in Cohesion

Cited by 220 publications

References 29 publications

Chromosome Dynamics during Mitosis

Chromosome Dynamics during Mitosis

Proper Levels of the Arabidopsis Cohesion Establishment Factor CTF7 Are Essential for Embryo and Megagametophyte, But Not Endosperm, Development

Roles of the sister chromatid cohesion apparatus in gene expression, development, and human syndromes

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