Eco-friendly synthesis of graphene–chitosan composite hydrogel as efficient adsorbent for Congo red

Omidi, Sakineh; Kakanejadifard, Ali

doi:10.1039/c8ra00510a

Cited by 69 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Finally, the X-ray diffraction pattern of the non-reticulated CS beads ( Figure 9 ) presented three peaks at 2θ values of 10°, 20°, and 41°, revealing the existence of amorphous regions and high crystallinity. This result is consistent with previous studies reported in the literature [ 23 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Optimization of Chitosan Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Beads for Reactive Blue 4 Anionic Dye Removal Using a Surface Response Methodology

Galan

Trilleras

Zapata

et al. 2021

Life

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The use of dyes at an industrial level has become problematic, since the discharge of dye effluents into water disturbs the photosynthetic activity of numerous aquatic organisms by reducing the penetration of light and oxygen, in addition to causing carcinogenic diseases and mutagenic effects in humans, as well as alterations in different ecosystems. Chitosan (CS) is suitable for removing anionic dyes since it has favorable properties, such as acquiring a positive charge and a typical macromolecular structure of polysaccharides. In this study, the optimization of CS beads crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) for the adsorption of reactive blue dye 4 (RB4) in an aqueous solution was carried out. In this sense, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the concentration of CS, GA, and sodium hydroxide on the swelling degree in the GA-crosslinked CS beads. In the same way, RSM was applied to optimize the adsorption process of the RB4 dye as a function of the initial pH of the solution, initial concentration of the dye, and adsorbent dose. The crosslinking reaction was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The design described for the swelling degree showed an R2 (coefficient of determination) adjusted of 0.8634 and optimized concentrations (CS 3.3% w/v, GA 1.7% v/v, and NaOH 1.3 M) that were conveniently applied with a concentration of CS at 3.0% w/v to decrease the viscosity and facilitate the formation of the beads. In the RB4 dye adsorption design, an adjusted R2 (0.8280) with good correlation was observed, where the optimized conditions were: pH = 2, adsorbent dose 0.6 g, and initial concentration of RB4 dye 5 mg/L. The kinetic behavior and the adsorption isotherm allowed us to conclude that the GA-crosslinked CS beads’ adsorption mechanism was controlled mainly by chemisorption interactions, demonstrating its applicability in systems that require the removal of contaminants with similar structures to the model presented.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Optimization of Chitosan Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Beads for Reactive Blue 4 Anionic Dye Removal Using a Surface Response Methodology

Galan

Trilleras

Zapata

et al. 2021

Life

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“…However, the acidic pH of dye solution gives rise to repulsion between adsorbent and adsorbate surface due to similar polarity over CR molecule and surface of PMC. On further increasing the pH above 7.0, excessive OH ions compete with the sulfonate groups of CR and the active site for dye adsorption is reduced compared to neutral pH which decreases the overall adsorption of CR dye onto PMC based adsorbent material 49 . Therefore, the prepared PMC based adsorbent materials effectively remove both contaminants (Cr(VI) and CR-dye) from water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional (3D) polymer—metal–carbon framework for efficient removal of chemical and biological contaminants

Sasidharan

Sachan

Chauhan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The continuously increased existence of contaminants such as chemical and biological mainly dye, bacteria, and heavy metals ions (HMI) in water bodies has increased environmental concern due to their hostile effects on living things. Therefore, there is necessity to be developed newer materials that skirmishes such environmental menace. The present works focus on the synthesis of a novel three-dimensional (3D) polymer-metal–carbon (3D-PMC) framework for the exclusion of contaminants (chemical and biological) from water bodies. Initially, polyurethane (PU) foam was treated with nitric acid and used as a framework for the development of 3D-PMC materials. The copper nanosheet (Cu-NS) was deposited onto the functionalized PU foam to produce Cu-NS-PU material. The mechanically exfoliated graphene was mixed with chitosan to produce a graphene-chitosan homogenous suspension. The produce homogenous suspension was deposited Cu-NS-PU for the development of the 3D-PMC framework. The prepared 3D-PMC framework was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-rays diffraction (XRD) analysis. The prepared 3D-PMC framework was subjected to various adsorption parameters to assess the sorption ability of the material. The prepared 3D-PMC framework was effectively used for the removal of chromium (Cr) metal ions and Congo-red (CR) dye from the water system. The synthesis of the 3D-PMC framework is simple, novel, cost-effective, and economically viable. Therefore, the prepared 3D-PMC framework has the potential to be used as a filter assembly in water treatment technologies.

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“…and the line with the lower slope (stage (II)) was attributed to the lower adsorption rate and intra-particle diffusion was the rate limiting step [65,66].…”

Section: Kinetics Adsorption Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Nanocomposites Containing Low and Medium-Molecular Weight Chitosan for Dye Adsorption: Hydrophilic Property Versus Functional Groups

Mirzai

Asadabadi

2021

J Polym Environ

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The azo dye removal from polluted water is vital from a sustainable viewpoint. In this study, we investigated the influence of chitosan molecular weight on the adsorptive removal of basic blue 41. For preparing nanocomposite containing medium-molecular weight chitosan (NC(M)), cross-linking of chitosan was done using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, silica-modified magnetite nanoparticles and graphene oxide. Techniques including FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, TGA/DTG, VSM and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm were applied for characterization of NC(M). The adsorption behavior of synthesized NC(M) was compared with as-prepared adsorbent containing low-molecular weight chitosan (NC(L)) (Asadabadi 2021). The experimental design was carried out using the Central Composite Design. The effect of initial pH, temperature and adsorbent concentration on the percentage of dye removal were examined and the optimum values of variables were determined. Despite NC(M) which had maximum 31% dye removal, NC(L) led to approximately 95% adsorptive removal at optimum conditions. An increase in the monomer number of chitosan caused to reduce hydrophilic property of NC(M), which in turn resulted in a repulsion force between adsorbent and dye. However, H-bonding, coulumbic attraction and pi-stacking interactions contributed in the adsorption mechanism of NC(L). The kinetics study showed that about 30 min necessitated reaching the equilibrium and the rate-limiting steps changed from film diffusion to intraparticle diffusion as time passed. The kinetics data were satisfactorily fitted by the modified pseudo-n-order model.The maximum adsorption capacity of NC(L) was obtained 55.87 mg•g -1 . The modified Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm was the best model to reproduce data. NC(L) was recovered seven times without dramatic changes in its adsorption efficiency.

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Eco-friendly synthesis of graphene–chitosan composite hydrogel as efficient adsorbent for Congo red

Cited by 69 publications

References 56 publications

Optimization of Chitosan Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Beads for Reactive Blue 4 Anionic Dye Removal Using a Surface Response Methodology

Optimization of Chitosan Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Beads for Reactive Blue 4 Anionic Dye Removal Using a Surface Response Methodology

Three-dimensional (3D) polymer—metal–carbon framework for efficient removal of chemical and biological contaminants

Magnetic Nanocomposites Containing Low and Medium-Molecular Weight Chitosan for Dye Adsorption: Hydrophilic Property Versus Functional Groups

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