Three-dimensional (3D) polymer—metal–carbon framework for efficient removal of chemical and biological contaminants

Abstract

The continuously increased existence of contaminants such as chemical and biological mainly dye, bacteria, and heavy metals ions (HMI) in water bodies has increased environmental concern due to their hostile effects on living things. Therefore, there is necessity to be developed newer materials that skirmishes such environmental menace. The present works focus on the synthesis of a novel three-dimensional (3D) polymer-metal–carbon (3D-PMC) framework for the exclusion of contaminants (chemical and biological) from water bodies. Initially, polyurethane (PU) foam was treated with nitric acid and used as a framework for the development of 3D-PMC materials. The copper nanosheet (Cu-NS) was deposited onto the functionalized PU foam to produce Cu-NS-PU material. The mechanically exfoliated graphene was mixed with chitosan to produce a graphene-chitosan homogenous suspension. The produce homogenous suspension was deposited Cu-NS-PU for the development of the 3D-PMC framework. The prepared 3D-PMC framework was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-rays diffraction (XRD) analysis. The prepared 3D-PMC framework was subjected to various adsorption parameters to assess the sorption ability of the material. The prepared 3D-PMC framework was effectively used for the removal of chromium (Cr) metal ions and Congo-red (CR) dye from the water system. The synthesis of the 3D-PMC framework is simple, novel, cost-effective, and economically viable. Therefore, the prepared 3D-PMC framework has the potential to be used as a filter assembly in water treatment technologies.

Experimental Insights into Mesoporous Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposites for Anionic and Cationic Dye Removal

“…In another study, 3D porous chitosan/alginate/cellulose nanofibers have been employed for the uptake of the Eriochrome black-T (EBT) anionic dye with a maximum adsorption capacity ( q max ) of 2297 mg/g . In the light of the literature, it is found that various other 3D polymer-based adsorbent composites have been extensively studied for environmental remediation. , Furthermore, the literature reveals that these 3D porous polymer-based nanoadsorbents have not been widely used earlier for dye removal from wastewater.…”

“…21 In the light of the literature, it is found that various other 3D polymer-based adsorbent composites have been extensively studied for environmental remediation. 22,23 Furthermore, the literature reveals that these 3D porous polymer-based nanoadsorbents have not been widely used earlier for dye removal from wastewater.…”

Synthesis of Cu-doped 2D-WS2 nanosheet-based nano-antibiotic materials for inhibiting E. Coli and S. aureus bacterial strains

“…Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), rGO, black phosphorous, MXenes, carbonnitrides, bismuth-oxy-halides, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been extensively used in various end applications such as environmental remediation, energy storage, photocatalysis, agriculture, sensors, and biomedicine due to their excellent physicochemical properties viz electrical, magnetic, high surface area, and optical properties compared to their bulky counterparts. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Among them, 2D TMD materials such as MoTe 2 , MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , WS 2 , and WSe 2 have gained special interest as promising biomedical materials due to their nanoscale thickness, high reactive sites or exposed sites, and easy functionalization ability. TMDs, especially, WS 2 are much-closer analogues of graphene and resemble several properties, including semiconducting nature, tunable band gap, high structural ability, and optical properties.…”

2D Materials for Environment, Energy, and Biomedical Applications

“…Recently, several researchers focusing synthesizing 2D materials mainly AgBiP2Se6 monolayer, BiOCl based nanosheet, Cu nanosheets, 2D-NiO, 2D/2D Z-scheme SnNb2O6/Bi2WO6 system, MOS2, MOSe2, WS2, WO3, graphene, and Graphene Oxide (GO) for various end applications such as environment, energy, and biomedical [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. These studies are in good agreement with the use of 2D materials as an eff ective charge transport layer to apply as environment, energy, and biomedical application.…”