Eco-friendly synthesis and study of new plant growth promoters: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane and its derivatives

Development of Derivatives of 3, 3′-Diindolylmethane as Potent Leishmania donovani Bi-Subunit Topoisomerase IB Poisons

“…DPDIM, DMDIM and DMODIM were synthesized chemically from Indole and Urotropine as described [14]. The chemical structures of the compounds are shown in Fig.…”

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of novel thiourea derivatives of bisindolylmethane as carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor

“…Some of them are physiologically relevant and therapeutically used [30][31][32]. Bisindolylmethane derivatives, which are prevalent compounds containing two indole rings, have attracted interest of researchers due to their biological activities in recent years [33][34][35][36][37]. Bisindolylmethane is an important class of heterocyclic compound with a variety of pharmacological activities.…”

Synthesis of novel benzimidazole-diindolylmethane hybrid compounds within the green chemistry context

“…Its 13 C-NMR spectra showed 18 signals which corresponds to all magnetically inequivalent carbons. According to all of above, we think that our methodology to form compounds 3a-l has important green advantages over some previous mentioned synthetic methodologies for DIM derivatives, such as not use of solvent on reactions, compared with the use of dichloromethane 11,23,29,30,33,35 , chloroform 13,32 , acetonitrile 12,38 , ionic liquids 27,28,29 , not use of Broensted-Lowry and Lewis acid catalyst 11,12,13,23,25,26,30,32,33,34,37,39 , resins 31,35,36,38 , inert atmosphere 26 , and does not require long reaction times (7-10 h , with the use of microwave energy for the activation of reactions. In addition, to obtain benzimidazole compounds 4a-l we do not require any redox reagents, such as nitrobenzene 16 , sodium metabisulfite 17 , neither catalyst 16,18,22 or solvent.…”

“…In some cases, many byproducts were formed when the reactions were carried out in aqueous medium and under controlled conditions at pH values of 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 and 7.2, respectively. 24 In recent years, diindolylmethane synthesis has taken a greener direction, such as: using infrared energy in solvent-less conditions and in presence of a bentonitic clay, 25 with ultrasound energy and aminosulfonic acid as catalyst, 26 under microwave solvent-free irradiation with Lewis acid-catalysis, 27 in ionic liquids, [28][29][30] with SBA-15-supported poly [4-styrenesulfonyl(perfluorobutylsulfonyl)imide] as heterogeneous Broensted-Lowry acid catalyst, 31 using Montmorillonite K-10 clay, 32,33 with nickel nanoparticles as a reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions, 34 employing ion exchange resins, 35,36 with eutectic salts, 37 synthesis mediated by Zeokarb-225, 38 and with zeolites, 14,39 amongst others.…”