Eco‐friendly Polyethylene Glycol‐400 as a Rapid and Efficient Recyclable Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of Anticancer Isatin‐linked Chalcones and Their 3‐Hydroxy Precursor

Abstract

Isatin chalcones and their 3‐hydroxy precursors are shown to possess potential anticancer activity and are also versatile substrates and key intermediates for the synthesis of a large variety of bioactive spiro‐oxindoles. An environmental friendly tandem synthesis, using PEG 400 as green solvent cum phase transfer catalyst, for a series of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles and 3‐methylene‐2‐oxindoles has been developed. Reported one‐pot sustainable synthetic strategy was compared with the conventional method and was found to be superior to existing two‐step syntheses in terms of simplicity, product yield, and reaction time and have a large substrate scope.

Densities, Viscosities, and Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Ethylene Glycol Oligomers

“…Early works have been reviewed in 2005. , Since then, much progress has been made. Especially, one-pot synthesis type reactions, where many different components react in one step, have been successfully carried out in PEG due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds. − In fact, PEG can also dissolve mineral salts, , a contributing factor for its successful use as the reaction medium for the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks . Pd-catalyzed reactions (the importance of these can be seen in the 2010 Nobel prize award for their discovery) have also been carried out in PEG under both homocatalytic and heterocatalytic conditions where Pd is immobilized onto a porous silica material. − PEGs have also been successfully used as components in deep eutectic solvents. − Despite all of these successes, there are only limited experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamics of neat PEG. − Experimental physicochemical properties of PEGs are needed to further this effort.…”

Mimicry of sorafenib: novel diarylureas as VEGFR2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in breast cancer

“…The synthesis of urea derivative 3 was accomplished through the nucleophilic addition of 4-aminoacetophenone (2) on 2, 4-dichlorophenylisocyanate (1). Then, the acetyl moiety of 3 underwent a condensation reaction with the carbonyl groups of various aromatic aldehydes in a basic medium to afford chalcones 4a-c. 25 On the other hand, the reaction with isatin derivatives instead of aldehydes was achieved upon refluxing it in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid 26 to furnish the isatin-chalcones 5a-c, as depicted in Scheme 1.…”