Eco-Friendly Formulation of Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Functional Characterization against Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Abstract

In the recent years, targeted cancer therapy induced by nanoparticles has been more effective than other treatment options; in addition, the green formulation of metal or non-metallic nanoparticles are of tremendous concern due to appreciation therapeutic performance with low toxicity to mammalian cells. Here, we reported eco-friendly formulation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) achieved by biological route utilizing the Carica papaya latex. The UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to confirm the SeNPs formation. MTT assay proved its biological properties such as anti-cancer efficacy against the cultured MDA-MB-231 cells. The findings showed that MDA-MB-231 cells were severely impacted by the green synthesized SeNPs as compared with the normal HBL100 cell line. The IC 50 value of green synthesized SeNPs toward MDA-MB-231 cells was noted to be 34 lg/mL for 48 h, while HBL-100 cells showed no cytotoxic effects at concentrations as high above 50 lg/mL for 48 h over SeNPs. Our finding indicates that the delivery of biosynthesized SeNPs has a greater clinical efficiency for MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Biomedical Potential of Plant-Based Selenium Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic and Mechanistic Aspects

“…For instance, the reference 17 reported the green synthesis of SeNPs of various sizes and shapes in the presence of garlic cloves extract (Allium sativum). Similarly, many other studies have been described to explore the biosynthesis of SeNPs by using the leaf extracts of Dillenia indica, 42 Spermacoce hispida aqueous leaf extract, 19 Zingiber officinale fruit extract, 43 Carica papaya latex, 44 Citrus lemon fresh fruit extract, 45 Roselle plant extract, 46 Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract and Prunus amygdalus leaves extract. 47 Furthermore, the reference 48 reported spherical shaped SeNPs with a 15-20 nm size range by using Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extract…”

“…They have been successfully designed to target breast cancer cells with less toxicity and excellent anticancer efficacy as compared to drugs alone. 44,50 In another study, curcumin loaded SeNPs were explored with promising anticancer potential and were found very efficacious against deadliest Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma by induction of the apoptosis and reduction of NF-κB signaling and EMT. 64,65 The anticancer potential of biosynthesized SeNPs increased when they were used in combination with the irinotecan drug which disrupts the mitochondrial membrane and causes DNA damage and nuclear condensation in the cancer cells.…”

“…The plant-based SeNPs have their potential applications in most coronary heart disease, cancer and osteoporosis results due to oxidative stress caused by the ROS. 44…”

“…Notable alterations in nuclear morphology and significant events like nuclear condensation happen by the plants-based SeNPs which causes cytotoxicity in the cancer cells. 44 The biosynthesized SeNPs have excellent antileukemia potential. It was demonstrated that the biosynthesized SeNPs significantly inhibit the proliferation of the acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML) by increasing the antioxidant potential of AML cells and delimit the expression of c-Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 and thioredoxin 1.…”

Selenium nanoparticles and quercetin suppress thioacetamide‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats: Attenuation of inflammation involvement

“…The obtained SeNPs exhibited an absorption maximum at a wavelength around 262 nm which is characteristic for the absorption of SeNPs. [23][24][25] In Figure 1A, The morphology of the obtained SeNPs was visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEOL JEM-2100; JEOL Ltd.), combined with their selected area electron diffraction. Briefly, 1 ml of SeNPs dispersion was sonicated for 5 min, cast onto a carbon-coated copper grid, the excess sample was wiped away using a filter paper, and finally, the grid was air-dried at room temperature.…”