Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of 4% Efficient Organic Solar Cells from Surfactant‐Free P3HT:ICBA Nanoparticle Dispersions

Gärtner, Stefan; Christmann, Marco; Sankaran, Sindhuja; Röhm, Holger; Prinz, Eva; Penth, Felix; Pütz, Andreas; Türeli, Akif Emre; Penth, Bernd; Baumstümmler, Bernd; Colsmann, Alexander

doi:10.1002/adma.201402360

Cited by 109 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[18][19][20] OPVs with active layers processed from a water or alcohol based nanoparticle dispersion has been reported in recent years. [21][22][23][24] These nanoparticles are processed from donor-acceptor blends either through a miniemulsion process with the presence of surfactant [25][26][27][28] or a precipitation method [21][22][23]29 . Furthermore, conjugated polymer nanoparticles were also reported to be synthesized by direct Suzuki-Miyaura dispersion polymerization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmentally friendly preparation of nanoparticles for organic photovoltaics

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Sharma

Gedefaw

et al. 2018

Organic Electronics

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Aqueous nanoparticle dispersions were prepared from a conjugated polymer poly(2,5-thiophene-alt-4,9-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-4,9-dihydrodithieno[3,2-c:3',2'-h][1,5]naphthyridine-5,10-dione) (PTNT) and fullerene blend utilizing chloroform as well as a non-chlorinated and environmentally benign solvent, o-xylene, as the miniemulsion dispersed phase solvent. The nanoparticles (NPs) in the solid-state film were found to coalesce and offered a smooth surface topography upon thermal annealing. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with photoactive layer processed from the nanoparticle dispersions prepared using chloroform as the miniemulsion dispersed phase solvent were found to have a power conversion efficiency M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT2 (PCE) of 1.04%, which increased to 1.65% for devices utilizing NPs prepared from o-xylene.Physical, thermal and optical properties of NPs prepared using both chloroform and o-xylene were systematically studied using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and correlated to their photovoltaic properties. The PL results indicate different morphology of NPs in the solid state were achieved by varying miniemulsion dispersed phase solvent.

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confidence: 99%

Environmentally friendly preparation of nanoparticles for organic photovoltaics

Pan

Sharma

Gedefaw

et al. 2018

Organic Electronics

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“…Indeed, nanoparticles based on conjugated polymers are emerging as multifunctional nanoscale materials that promise great potentials. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Here we report that the use of Rozen's reagent, one of the most powerful oxygen transfer agents, [8][9][10][11] allows for the preparation of poly(3-hexylthiophene-S,S-dioxide) nanoparticles, whose properties can be skillfully tuned through the controlled introduction of TDO moieties before or after the formation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles. The different modalities of introduction of TDO moieties causes the formation of either PTDO-NPs obtained from pre-oxygenated P3HT, with dimensions down to 5 nm, or core-shell P3HT@PTDO-NPs obtained from oxygenation of the surface of preformed P3HT nanoparticles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles Containing Thiophene-S,S-dioxide: Tuning of Dimensions, Optical and Redox Properties, and Charge Separation under Illumination

et al. 2017

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We describe the preparation of poly(3-hexylthiophene-S,S-dioxide) nanoparticles using Rozen's reagent, HOF•CH 3 CN, either on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or on preformed P3HT nanoparticles (P3HT-NPs). In the latter case, core−shell nanoparticles (P3HT@PTDO-NPs) are formed, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, indicating the presence of oxygen on the outer shell. The different preparation modalities lead to a finetuning of the chemical−physical properties of the nanoparticles. We show that absorption and photoluminescence features, electrochemical properties, size, and stability of colloidal solutions can be finely modulated by controlling the amount of oxygen present. Atomic force microscopy measurements on the nanoparticles obtained by a nanoprecipitation method from preoxidized P3HT (PTDO-NPs) display spherical morphology and dimensions down to 5 nm. Finally, Kelvin probe measurements show that the coexistence of p-and n-type charge carriers in all types of oxygenated nanoparticles makes them capable of generating and separating charge under illumination. Furthermore, in core−shell nanoparticles, the nanosegregation of the two materials, in different regions of the nanoparticles, allows a more efficient charge separation.

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“…35 With the surfactant-stabilized nanoparticle approach, trace amounts of surfactant may remain incorporated in the active material and potentially interfere deleteriously with formation of the bulk-heterojunction, and thus impinge upon device performance and device lifetime. 32 The surfactant-free approach to nanoparticles mitigates these potential issues. In this method, the polymer of choice is dissolved in a "good" solvent and the solution injected, under control, into a "poor" solvent (the non-solvent) so that upon contact with the non-solvent the polymer chains collapse to form spherical-like nanoparticles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrogen evolution at conjugated polymer nanoparticle electrodes

et al. 2018

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Organic polymer nanoparticles have been gaining attention in photovoltaics as a means to control the morphology of polymer composite films for the purpose of studying bulk heterojunction, photoactive layers. This work investigates the preparation of nanostructured organic thin films from P3HT:PC 61 BM nanoparticles and their characterization as photoelectrodes for the photoelectrochemical reduction of hydrogen in acidic solutions. The morphology and optoelectronic properties of the nanostructured photocathodes are compared to conventional, solution-cast thin films of P3HT:PC 61 BM. The nanostructured photoelectrodes provide increased surface area compared to solution-cast films through control of the nanoscale morphology within each nanoparticle, leading to enhanced P3HT:PC 61 BM phase segregation. The photo-assisted deposition of platinum nanoparticles as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts onto the nanostructured P3HT:PC 61 BM photocathodes facilitates the photoreduction of protons to H 2 .

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Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of 4% Efficient Organic Solar Cells from Surfactant‐Free P3HT:ICBA Nanoparticle Dispersions

Cited by 109 publications

References 24 publications

Environmentally friendly preparation of nanoparticles for organic photovoltaics

Environmentally friendly preparation of nanoparticles for organic photovoltaics

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles Containing Thiophene-S,S-dioxide: Tuning of Dimensions, Optical and Redox Properties, and Charge Separation under Illumination

Hydrogen evolution at conjugated polymer nanoparticle electrodes

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