Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in a coevolving host–virus system

Frickel, Jens; Sieber, Michael; Becks, Lutz

doi:10.1111/ele.12580

Cited by 102 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In real biological systems, as it is becoming increasingly clear from epidemiological as well as experimental studies, the interaction of ecology and evolution is crucial in determining the joint eco-evolutionary trajectory of a system [26,36,78]. Evolutionary dynamics of two traits, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling eco-evolutionary effects on trait fixation

Czuppon

Gokhale

2018

Preprint

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In population genetics, fixation of traits in a demographically changing population under frequencyindependent selection has been extensively analyzed. In evolutionary game theory, models of fixation have typically focused on fixed population sizes and frequency-dependent selection. However, combining ecological fluctuations with frequency-dependent interactions such as Lotka-Volterra dynamics and thus the analysis of eco-evolutionary fixation has received comparatively little attention. Here, we consider a two-type stochastic competitive Lotka-Volterra model with higher order interactions. The emerging individual based model allows for stochastic fluctuations not just in the frequencies of the two types but the total population size as well. Assuming weak selective di↵erences between the traits we approximate the fixation probability for di↵ering competition coe cients. We find that it resembles qualitatively the corresponding evolutionary deterministic dynamics within a population of fixed size. Furthermore, we analyze and partially disentangle the selection e↵ects into their ecological and evolutionary components. Concretely, we show that the evolutionary selection intensity has a larger e↵ect on the predictive power of our approximation than the ecological selection. However, the fixed points themselves are also a↵ected by the selection intensity which implies that a clean separation of the ecological and evolutionary impacts on the evolutionary outcome of the model is not possible. The entanglement of eco-evolutionary processes in a co-evolutionary system is thus a reality which needs to be considered when determining the fixation properties in populations of fluctuating size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling eco-evolutionary effects on trait fixation

Czuppon

Gokhale

2018

Preprint

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“…Host-parasite interactions can evolve rapidly (12)(13)(14)(15) and depend strongly on prevailing environmental conditions (16)(17)(18). As a result, host-parasite and hostecosystem interactions may evolve in tandem, functionally linking evolutionary and ecological processes (19)(20)(21). For instance, variation in the composition of prey communities can be strongly modified by hosts, but it can also influence the exposure of hosts to trophically transmitted parasites (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence that parasites drive eco-evolutionary feedbacks

Brunner

Anaya‐Rojas

Matthews

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Host resistance to parasites is a rapidly evolving trait that can influence how hosts modify ecosystems. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks may develop if the ecosystem effects of host resistance influence selection on subsequent host generations. In a mesocosm experiment, using a recently diverged (<100 generations) pair of lake and stream three-spined sticklebacks, we tested how experimental exposure to a common fish parasite (Gyrodactylus spp.) affects interactions between hosts and their ecosystems in two environmental conditions (low and high nutrients). In both environments, we found that stream sticklebacks were more resistant to Gyrodactylus and had different gene expression profiles than lake sticklebacks. This differential infection led to contrasting effects of sticklebacks on a broad range of ecosystem properties, including zooplankton community structure and nutrient cycling. These ecosystem modifications affected the survival, body condition, and gene expression profiles of a subsequent fish generation. In particular, lake juvenile fish suffered increased mortality in ecosystems previously modified by lake adults, whereas stream fish showed decreased body condition in stream fish-modified ecosystems. Parasites reinforced selection against lake juveniles in lake fish-modified ecosystems, but only under oligotrophic conditions. Overall, our results highlight the overlapping timescales and the interplay of host-parasite and hostecosystem interactions. We provide experimental evidence that parasites influence host-mediated effects on ecosystems and, thereby, change the likelihood and strength of eco-evolutionary feedbacks.eco-evolutionary dynamics | three-spined stickleback | host-parasite interaction | Gyrodactylus | eutrophication

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“…In other prokaryote-virus systems that role remains elusive [29,30,31,32,33,34]. The very few examples of trade-off between resistance and growth rate in eukaryotic hosts include studies on the prasinophyte Ostreococcus tauri [35] and the trebouxiophyte Chlorella variabilis [36]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Interaction Patterns in the Emiliania huxleyi-EhV System

Ruiz

Oosterhof

Sandaa

et al. 2017

Viruses

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Viruses are thought to be fundamental in driving microbial diversity in the oceanic planktonic realm. That role and associated emerging infection patterns remain particularly elusive for eukaryotic phytoplankton and their viruses. Here we used a vast number of strains from the model system Emiliania huxleyi/Emiliania huxleyi Virus to quantify parameters such as growth rate (µ), resistance (R), and viral production (Vp) capacities. Algal and viral abundances were monitored by flow cytometry during 72-h incubation experiments. The results pointed out higher viral production capacity in generalist EhV strains, and the virus-host infection network showed a strong co-evolution pattern between E. huxleyi and EhV populations. The existence of a trade-off between resistance and growth capacities was not confirmed.

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Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in a coevolving host–virus system

Cited by 102 publications

References 48 publications

Disentangling eco-evolutionary effects on trait fixation

Disentangling eco-evolutionary effects on trait fixation

Experimental evidence that parasites drive eco-evolutionary feedbacks

Emerging Interaction Patterns in the Emiliania huxleyi-EhV System

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