Emerging Interaction Patterns in the Emiliania huxleyi-EhV System

Ruiz, Eliana; Oosterhof, Monique; Sandaa, Ruth Anne; Larsen, Aud; Pagarete, António

doi:10.3390/v9030061

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 109 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Also, experimental data on the host range of EhV99B1 and EhV207 showed that, out of an array of 16 different E. huxleyi strains, they successfully infected 12 and 8, respectively (Table S3). EhV86 was also recently shown to have a broader host range than EhV207 (33 strains vs 27 strains, respectively for a slow:fast infectivity ratio of 1.2; Ruiz et al, 2017), further supporting this idea. Our host-range experiments yielded a slow:fast infectivity ratio of~1.5 (75%:50%), which was subsequently used as an empirically derived parameter to inform the model.…”

Section: Ecological Scenarios Of Ehv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Biochemical diversity of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis as a driver of Coccolithovirus competitive ecology

Nissimov

Talmy

Haramaty

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Coccolithoviruses (EhVs) are large, double‐stranded DNA‐containing viruses that infect the single‐celled, marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Given the cosmopolitan nature and global importance of E. huxleyi as a bloom‐forming, calcifying, photoautotroph, E. huxleyi–EhV interactions play a key role in oceanic carbon biogeochemistry. Virally‐encoded glycosphingolipids (vGSLs) are virulence factors that are produced by the activity of virus‐encoded serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Here, we characterize the dynamics, diversity and catalytic production of vGSLs in an array of EhV strains in relation to their SPT sequence composition and explore the hypothesis that they are a determinant of infectivity and host demise. vGSL production and diversity was positively correlated with increased virulence, virus replication rate and lytic infection dynamics in laboratory experiments, but they do not explain the success of less‐virulent EhVs in natural EhV communities. The majority of EhV‐derived SPT amplicon sequences associated with infected cells in the North Atlantic derived from slower infecting, less virulent EhVs. Our lab‐, field‐ and mathematical model‐based data and simulations support ecological scenarios whereby slow‐infecting, less‐virulent EhVs successfully compete in North Atlantic populations of E. huxleyi, through either the preferential removal of fast‐infecting, virulent EhVs during active infection or by having access to a broader host range.

show abstract

Section: Ecological Scenarios Of Ehv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Biochemical diversity of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis as a driver of Coccolithovirus competitive ecology

Nissimov

Talmy

Haramaty

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Insights into virus-host specificity have also been gained from studies on closely related viruses. A cross-infection network between coccolithovirus and Emiliania huxleyi strains showed a nested host-virus interaction pattern where more resistant hosts are only infected by viruses with broader host range, suggesting strong coevolution in host-virus system [ 85 ]. At a larger scale, phylogenetic correspondence has been observed between three genera of Mamiellales (“Prasinophyceae”, Chlorophyta) and their prasinoviruses [ 44 ].…”

Section: Variation and Evolution Of Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Host Range and Coding Potential of Eukaryotic Giant Viruses

Sun

Yang

Kao

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Giant viruses are a group of eukaryotic double-stranded DNA viruses with large virion and genome size that challenged the traditional view of virus. Newly isolated strains and sequenced genomes in the last two decades have substantially advanced our knowledge of their host diversity, gene functions, and evolutionary history. Giant viruses are now known to infect hosts from all major supergroups in the eukaryotic tree of life, which predominantly comprises microbial organisms. The seven well-recognized viral clades (taxonomic families) have drastically different host range. Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae, both with notable intrafamilial genome variation and high abundance in environmental samples, have members that infect the most diverse eukaryotic lineages. Laboratory experiments and comparative genomics have shed light on the unprecedented functional potential of giant viruses, encoding proteins for genetic information flow, energy metabolism, synthesis of biomolecules, membrane transport, and sensing that allow for sophisticated control of intracellular conditions and cell-environment interactions. Evolutionary genomics can illuminate how current and past hosts shape viral gene repertoires, although it becomes more obscure with divergent sequences and deep phylogenies. Continued works to characterize giant viruses from marine and other environments will further contribute to our understanding of their host range, coding potential, and virus-host coevolution.

show abstract

“…The material costs of the viruses (i.e., virus × burst size) is so small set against the metabolic costs normally incurred by the host in cell replication every day or so, that any additional cost in virus evolution would most likely be minor (see also Figures 1B, 2E). Evolution of viruses is also matched by evolution of resistance in the host (Ruiz et al, 2017), a process that itself may cost the host little to achieve (Thingstad et al, 2014), especially when set against all other metabolic costs (Heath et al, 2017).…”

Section: Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Effects of Traits and Abiotic Factors on Viral Lysis in Phytoplankton

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A mechanistic system dynamics description is developed of the interactions between a single lytic-virus – phytoplankton-host couple. The model has state variables for virus, uninfected and infected host biomass, and describes virus and host allometry and physiology. The model, analogous to experimental laboratory virus-host systems but more amenable to hypothesis testing, enables us to explore the relative importance of some of the poorly understood factors suspected to impact plankton virus-host dynamics. Model behaviour is explored with respect to abiotic factors (light, mixed layer depth, nutrient and suspended particle loading), host traits (size, growth rate, motility) and virus traits (size, latent period and burst size including linkage to compromised host physiology, and decay rates). Simulations show that the optimal performance of a virus (i.e., optimal trait characterisation) is a function of many factors relating to the virus, its host, and the environment. In general, smaller viruses and smaller motile hosts give rise to more productive infection outcomes that result in rapid demise of the host and high post-infection virus abundance. However, the timing of the development of the interaction (relative abundance of virus to host at the start of rapid host population growth), overlain on the growth rate and physiological status of the host, was seen to be critical. Thus, for any one configuration of the model, the inoculum level of the virus (multiplicity of infection- MOI) displayed an optimum time-point between the infection developing too quickly, limiting biomass accumulation, or too late so that nutrient or light limitation compromised host physiology and hence the burst size. Importantly, the success of an infection depended also upon the suspended particle load which, if high enough, adsorbs so many viruses that the infection does not develop. We conclude that adding viruses to plankton ecosystem models in a realistic fashion is a complicated process due to the way that the individual and coupled virus-host processes interact with the environment.

show abstract

Emerging Interaction Patterns in the Emiliania huxleyi-EhV System

Cited by 15 publications

References 109 publications

Biochemical diversity of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis as a driver of Coccolithovirus competitive ecology

Biochemical diversity of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis as a driver of Coccolithovirus competitive ecology

Host Range and Coding Potential of Eukaryotic Giant Viruses

Modelling the Effects of Traits and Abiotic Factors on Viral Lysis in Phytoplankton

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About