Eco-efficiency and industrial symbiosis – a counterfactual analysis of a mining community

Quantitative tools for cultivating symbiosis in industrial parks; a literature review

“…The actual development, which used end-of-pipe solutions, was compared to a hypothetical development, based on original discarded plans to construct the area as an exchange network. Mixed results were produced insofar that the end of pipe emission reduction was similar to those of the EIP theoretical reductions [41], suggesting that traditional methods of pollutant reduction may be preferable to developing EIP networks in some situations.…”

“…In an interesting counterexample to the overwhelmingly positive finding of creating exchanges, Salmi [41] presented an eco-efficiency study of material exchanges in a Russian mining community. The actual development, which used end-of-pipe solutions, was compared to a hypothetical development, based on original discarded plans to construct the area as an exchange network.…”

Integrating eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness into the design of sustainable industrial systems in China

“…It aims at process and operational decisions that would fall under the category of pollution prevention (Rothenberg et al 2001). Eco-efficiency is not only widely applied in many corporations but to a lesser degree on regional and city level (Hanssen et al 2003;Salmi 2007;Bohne et al 2008;Wilkins 2008) and the macro-level eco-efficiency of society (Huppes 2007). …”

“…It is also possible that the regional synergy effect might be much worse than the sum of individual micro-level. Salmi (2007) tested the link between IS and eco-efficiency improvement in a case study of five mining operations in the Kola Peninsula in Northwest Russia. The analysis showed that increases in eco-efficiency occurred but it would have solved some, though not all, of the pressing environmental problems of the Kola Peninsula.…”

Drivers for adopting environmental management systems in the post-Soviet mining industry

“…Often this restructuring process has come with an increasing focus on the environment, which has materialized as the adoption of standardized EMS. In the Kola Peninsula, the increasing focus on the environment has led to diminishing environmental emissions during the past 10 years (Salmi 2006). During the same time, however, the Russian mining industries have become increasingly independent of political control, which has left the public with limited power to define the terms of desirable use of the environment and natural resources (Kotov and Nikitina 2001).…”