ECL cell tumor and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma of the stomach: Prognostic evaluation by pathological analysis

Rindi, Guido; Azzoni, Cinzia; Rosa, Stefano La; Klersy, Catherine; Paolotti, Donatella; Rappel, S.; Stolte, Manfred; Capella, Carlo; Bordi, Cesare; Solcia, Enrico

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70174-5

Cited by 318 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Irregularities in p53 expression, which were revealed immunohistochemically by the abnormal nuclear accumulation of the protein, were observed in 13 of 19 cases (68.4%), a frequency consistent with the one reported in previous immunohistochemical studies involving GI PDECs. 22,23 Furthermore, we observed LOH in a marker within p53 in 16 of 17 informative cases (94.1%), even in the absence of protein overexpression; this finding reinforces and provides additional evidence of the role of this tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of GI PDECs. Consistent LOH at 17p13 in a group of GI PDECs (n ϭ 4) also has been reported in a recent study on small cell carcinomas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Genetic alterations in poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract

Pizzi

Azzoni

Bassi

et al. 2003

Cancer

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The length scales of film thickness nonuniformities, commonly observed in polymer colloid (i.e., latex) films, are predicted. This prediction is achieved by investigating the stability behavior of drying latex films. A linear stability analysis is performed on a base solution representing a uniformly drying latex film containing a surfactant. The analysis identifies film thickness nonuniformities over two length scales: long (millimeter) range (from lubrication theory) and short (micrometer) range (from nonlubrication theory). Evaporation and surfactant desorption into the bulk film are identified as the primary destabilizing mechanisms during drying. Experimental evidence through direct visualization and atomic force microscopy confirm the existence of nonuniformities over both length scales, which are shown to be functions of parameters such as initial particle volume fraction, surfactant amount, and desorption strength, while being independent of drying rate. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Genetic alterations in poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract

Pizzi

Azzoni

Bassi

et al. 2003

Cancer

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“…The rates of WDNECs and PDNECs were comparable to those observed in our study (WDNECs 78%, PDNECs 11%, nonevaluated 11%). In another study including only NETs of the stomach, mOS for PDNECs was 8 months (Rindi et al, 1999). In our analysis, histological differentiation was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor, with the highest impact on OS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The prognostic role of WHO classification, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and liver function tests in metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastroenteropancreatic tract

et al. 2007

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The World Health Organisation (WHO) classification (2000) is widely used to classify neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), yet its prognostic value needs to be confirmed. In this study, patients with metastatic NECs (n ¼ 119) were classified according to WHO guidelines into well differentiated and poorly differentiated (WDNECs and PDNECs). Histological differentiation based on WHO criteria had the highest impact on overall survival (OS) (PDNECs : WDNECs hazard ratio (HR) ¼ 4.02, P ¼ 0.02); however, PDNECs represented only a small percentage of patients (8%). In a WDNEC-restricted analysis, abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) and elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (u5HIAA) were independent prognostic factors for survival (HR ¼ 2.65, P ¼ 0.006 and HR ¼ 2.51, P ¼ 0.003, respectively) and were used to create a WDNEC-specific prognostic model (low risk ¼ both normal, intermediate risk ¼ one of them abnormal, high risk ¼ both abnormal). Low-risk WDNECs had the most favourable prognosis (median OS, mOS 8.1 years), which was significantly better compared to both intermediate-risk and high-risk WDNECs (mOS 3.2 and 1.4 years, with P ¼ 0.01 and Po0.001, respectively). High-risk WDNECs displayed the shortest OS (1.3 years), which was similar to that of PDNECs (P ¼ 0.572). This analysis supports the prognostic value of WHO classification for metastatic NECs arising from the gastroenteropancreatic tract; however, risk stratification using readily available u5HIAA and LFTs may be necessary for the heterogeneous group of WDNECs.

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“…Introduction morphological differentiation with two tumor subsets, the poorly and the well-differentiated ones (Madeira et al 1998, Travis et al 1998, Rindi et al 1999, Lepage et al 2004, Lim et al 2005, Faggiano et al 2007. Indeed, whatever the stage and primary location be, poorly differentiated GEP-NEN have a poorer outcome than well-differentiated ones (Madeira et al 1998, Mitry et al 1999, Rindi et al 1999, Lepage et al 2004, Faggiano et al 2007, Yao et al 2008.…”

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confidence: 99%

Are G3 ENETS neuroendocrine neoplasms heterogeneous?

Vélayoudom-Céphise

Duvillard²,

Foucan³

et al. 2013

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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The new WHO classification of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NET) implies that G3 neoplasms with mitotic index O20 and/or Ki67 index O20% are neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), described as poorly differentiated, small or large cell types, by analogy with lung NEC. To characterize the subgroup of non-small-cell-type GEP and thoracic NET with mitotic index O20 and/or Ki67 O20% according to their pathological features, response to cisplatin and overall survival (OS). We reviewed pathological and clinical presentation of G3 non-small-cell-type NET referred to our institution for 5 years. Data from 166 patients with metastatic thoracic and GEP-NET were collected. Twenty-eight patients (17%) fulfill the inclusion criteria. Tumors were classified as well-differentiated NET (G3-WDNET) in 42.8% of cases and poorly differentiated, large-cell NEC (G3-LCNEC) in 57.2% of cases. Plasma chromogranin A or neuron-specific enolase were elevated in 42 and 25% respectively of G3-WDNET and 31 and 50% of G3-LCNEC. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was positive in 88 and 50% of G3-WDNET or G3-LCNEC respectively. Complete or partial response to cisplatin was observed in 31% of cases, all classified as G3-LCNEC. The median OS was 41 months for G3-WDNET but 17 months for G3-LCNEC (PZ0.34). Short survival was observed in 25% of G3-WDNET but 62.5% of G3-LCNEC patients (PZ0.049). G3 ENETS GEP and thoracic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) could constitute a heterogeneous subgroup of NEN as regards diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. If confirmed, future classifications may consider splitting them into two groups according to their morphological differentiation.

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ECL cell tumor and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma of the stomach: Prognostic evaluation by pathological analysis

Cited by 318 publications

References 36 publications

Genetic alterations in poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract

Genetic alterations in poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract

The prognostic role of WHO classification, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and liver function tests in metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastroenteropancreatic tract

Are G3 ENETS neuroendocrine neoplasms heterogeneous?

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