Echocardiography and Pathology of Left Ventricular “False Tendons”

Abdulla, Abdel Kadir; Frustaci, Andrea; Martinez, Jhorque E.; Florio, R; Somerville, Jane; Olsen, E. G. J.

doi:10.1378/chest.98.1.129

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The function of this structure is to prevent over distention and dilatation of the right ventricle during relaxation (diastole) and also to allow the purkinje fibers to extend from the atrioventricular bundle branch to the papillary muscles and myocardium of right and left ventricular pariet alwall. Moreover, this investigation is goes hand in hand with [24,25] in human who demonstrated that in human, the moderator band extends between interventricular septum and ventricular free wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Moderator Bands (Trabecula septomarginalis) of Mature Buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) with Special Emphasis on the Structure and Distribution of the Purkinje Cardiomyocytes: Histological and Histochemical

Ghonimi¹

2015

Cell Dev Biol

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Ten hearts of mature healthy Buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) were employed to investigate the histological and histochemical structures of the moderator bands. Hearts were gently dissected and the moderator bands were collected. The specimens were processed histologically and subjected to different stains. Grossly, the moderator band (Septomarginal trabeculae) was a single muscular band that was found only in the right ventricle of the buffalo heart. It extended from the interventricular septum to the free ventricular wall especially at the base of the papillary muscle, crossing and passing through the ventricular cavity. Histologically, the moderator band was invested in a dense capsule of connective tissue, endocardium that is mainly consisting of three layers; the endothelial layer of simple squamous epithelium, subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue and the subendocardial layer that connects the endocardium with myocardium. Internally, about 4/5 of the core, myocardium is of the cardiac muscle fibers that arranged in bundles of one direction while only about 1/5 is lodged by purkinje cardiomyocytes that were arranged in bundles distributing mainly in two areas within the moderator band; the subendocardial layer beneath the subendothelial connective tissue and myocardium in between the cardiac myocytes bundles. Centrally, a medium-sized artery of thick wall and a very distinct internal elastic lamina was observed running at the center of the band myocardium and is surrounded with the cardiac myocytes bundles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Moderator Bands (Trabecula septomarginalis) of Mature Buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) with Special Emphasis on the Structure and Distribution of the Purkinje Cardiomyocytes: Histological and Histochemical

Ghonimi¹

2015

Cell Dev Biol

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“…Since in human [23,24] the moderator band extends between interventricular septum and ventricular free wall and in domestic animals [25] and ungulates [26] these bands extend from interventricular septum to the papillary muscle and there is no connection to the vulvar cusps. In the Ostrich left ventricle, despite the presence of papillary muscle, these bands have no connection to them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Structure of Purkinje Fibers in the Heart of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) with the Special References on the Ultrastructure

Parto

Tadjalli

Ghazi

et al. 2013

International Journal of Zoology

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Purkinje fibers or Purkinje cardiomyocytes are part of the whole complex of the cardiac conduction system, which is today classified as specific heart muscle tissue responsible for the generation of the heart impulses. From the point of view of their distribution, structure and ultrastructural composition of the cardiac conduction system in the ostrich heart were studied by light and electron microscopy. These cells were distributed in cardiac conducting system including SA node, AV node, His bundle and branches as well as endocardium, pericardium, myocardium around the coronary arteries, moderator bands, white fibrous sheet in right atrium, and left septal attachment of AV valve. The great part of the Purkinje fiber is composed of clear, structure less sarcoplasm, and the myofibrils tend to be confined to a thin ring around the periphery of the cells. They have one or more large nuclei centrally located within the fiber. Ultrastructurally, they are easily distinguished. The main distinction feature is the lack of electron density and having a light appearance, due to the absence of organized myofibrils. P-cells usually have two nuclei with a mass of short, delicate microfilaments scattered randomly in the cytoplasm; they contain short sarcomeres and myofibrillar insertion plaque. They do not have T-tubules.

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“…For a long time they were considered normal structures but now cardiologists are concerned about their possible association with innocent murmurs and, more importantly, the role they may have in ventricular arrhythmias (Cocchieri and Bardelli, 1992). Although false tendons are hardly mentioned in standard textbooks of anatomy and cardiac pathology, the development of echocardiography has reawakened interest (Gerlis et al, 1984); their presence has been noted in patients undergoing echocardiography for a variety of cardiac conditions (Abdulla et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic and morphologic examination of left ventricular false tendons in human and animal hearts

et al. 2003

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False tendons are thin, fibrous or fibromuscular structures that traverse the cavity of the left ventricle with no connection to the valvular cusps; they may be single or multiple. We retrospectively analyzed echocardiograms for the prevalence of false tendons in the hearts of 368 (231 male, 137 female) newborns, infants, and children (mean age = 6.28 +/- 4.32 years) who were referred for echocardiography because of suspected acquired or congenital heart disease, but in whom no cardiac pathology was found. In addition, we studied the prevalence of false tendons in 90 hearts from three species of animals (dog, sheep, goat) and eight cadaveric human hearts. In our echocardiographic study, false tendons were detected in 97 of 368 hearts (26.4%). In our gross morphologic studies, false tendons were observed in most of the animal and human hearts: they were present in 5 of 8 (62.5%) human hearts, 14 of 20 (70%) dog hearts, 41 of 50 (82%) sheep hearts, and 16 of 20 (80%) goat hearts. The overall prevalence in animal hearts was 71 of 90 (78.8%). Histologic examination showed the false tendons to be composed of cardiac muscle, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and Purkinje cells. The possible role of false tendons in innocent murmurs, cardiac rhythm disorders, or left ventricular dysfunction is discussed.

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Echocardiography and Pathology of Left Ventricular “False Tendons”

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Moderator Bands (Trabecula septomarginalis) of Mature Buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) with Special Emphasis on the Structure and Distribution of the Purkinje Cardiomyocytes: Histological and Histochemical

Moderator Bands (Trabecula septomarginalis) of Mature Buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) with Special Emphasis on the Structure and Distribution of the Purkinje Cardiomyocytes: Histological and Histochemical

Distribution and Structure of Purkinje Fibers in the Heart of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) with the Special References on the Ultrastructure

Echocardiographic and morphologic examination of left ventricular false tendons in human and animal hearts

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