Echocardiographic left ventricular masses in distance runners and weight lifters

Longhurst, John C.; Kelly, Aisling; Gonyea, W. J.; Mitchell, Jere H.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1980.48.1.154

Cited by 174 publications

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“…Resistance training results in hemodynamic altera-www.bjournal.com.br Braz J Med Biol Res 44 (9) 2011 tion with marked elevation of blood pressure (BP), leading to pressure overload in the heart, resulting in the parallel addition of sarcomeres. This leads to a predominant increase in cardiomyocyte cell width and consequently to an increase in left ventricular wall thickness without reducing the size of the internal cavity in diastole, with the development of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (1,2,4). The increase in wall thickness induced by pressure overload is mainly due to an increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (5) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Concentric Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced By Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training: microRNAs and molecular determinants

Fernandes

Soci

Oliveira

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Section: Concentric Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced By Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training: microRNAs and molecular determinants

Fernandes

Soci

Oliveira

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Thus, these athletes are presumed to develop concentric LV hypertrophy characterized by an increased ratio of wall thickness to radius. 3,4 The increase in wall thickness induced by pressure-overload is mainly due to an increase in the myocyte cross-sectional area. 5 Cardiac hypertrophy might also result from pressure overload observed in many pathologic conditions such as hypertension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Moreover, similar adaptations are usually found in athletes who use anabolic steroids associated with resistance training. 7,8 Although several authors [3][4][5] have studied the impact of different sports on cardiac structure, a follow-up study using an animal model has not been used yet to study adaptive changes in resistance training. We chose to focus on the resistance-trained heart to investigate echocardiographic data, such as the association of LV mass with myocyte thickness and heart weight, and to investigate changes in ventricular function in rats undergoing resistance training for a period of 1 and 3 months.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Resistance Training on Ventricular Function and Hypertrophy in a Rat Model

Baraúna¹,

Rosa²,

Irigoyen³

et al. 2007

Clinical Medicine & Research

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to follow the ventricular function and cardiac hypertrophy in rats undergoing a resistance-training program for a period of 3 months.Design: Forty animals were divided into two major groups: control (n=16) and resistance trained (n=24). From the resistance-trained group, 12 animals were resistance trained for 1 month and another 12 for 3 months.The resistance-training protocol was performed with 4 sets of 12 repetitions using 65% to 75% of one repetition maximum (maximum lifted weight with the exercise apparatus). Methods:Echocardiographic analysis was performed at the beginning of the resistance-training period and at the end of each month. The repetition maximum was measured every 2 weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy was determined by echocardiography, by the absolute weight of the cardiac chambers and by histology of the left ventricle.Results: Before resistance training, both groups had similar repetition maximums, ranging from 1.8-fold to 2-fold the body weight; however, at the end of the resistance-training period, the repetition maximum of the resistance-trained group was 6-fold greater than the body weight.The left ventricular mass as assessed by echocardiography was 8%, 12% and 16% larger in the resistance-trained group than in the control group in the first, second and third months, respectively.This hypertrophy showed a similar increase in the interventricular septum and in the free posterior wall mass. There was no reduction in the end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter during the 3-month resistance-training period. Systolic function did not differ between the groups throughout the resistance-training period. Conclusion:Resistance training induces the development of concentric cardiac hypertrophy without ventricular dysfunction or cavity reduction. Although diastolic function was not completely investigated, we cannot exclude the possibility that resistance training results in diastolic dysfunction. Resi stance training, also known as weight or strength training, is a specialized method of conditioning designed to increase muscle strength, muscle endurance and muscle power. In response to this kind of training, both skeletal and cardiac muscle adapts. The main muscle adaptation of the athlete's body is the increase in size or mass (hypertrophy) of type II skeletal muscle cells 1 and cardiac hypertrophy. However, different from hypertensive conditions when pressure overload is continuous, the cardiovascular response to this exercise model is characterized by the intermittent increase in blood pressure during exercise. 2 Due to the pressure overload during exercise, practitioners of modalities such as weight training develop a cardiac hypertrophy different from those practitioners of sports with a high dynamic component (e.g., running). This hypertrophy is characterized by increases in the left ventricular (LV) wall and no changes in the diameter of the LV cavity in diastole. Thus, these athletes are presumed to develop concentric LV

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“…The increase in LV mass was in proportion to the change in body weight: the left ventricular weight/body weight ratio did not change [37]. A similar increase in LV mass was seen in human long distance runners and weight lifters, with LV mass increasing only to the extent that lean body mass is increased [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Effect of Testosterone and Resistance Training on Cardiac Mass and Contractility in Men with COPD

Budoff¹,

Mao²,

Rambod³

et al. 2011

J Allergy Ther

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Introduction: Testosterone therapy and resistance training have been demonstrated to improve muscle mass and strength in patients with testosterone deficiency. However the effects on cardiac mass and contractility of these interventions have not been identified in prospective placebo-controlled trials. The hypothesis of this trial was that resistance training and testosterone replacement would improve cardiac mass and contractility in male COPD patients with low testosterone levels. Methods:We conducted a 10 week trial in a 2 by 2 factorial design, randomizing 53 patients to replacement doses of testosterone enanthate (100 mg weekly) or placebo, as well as to a program of lower extremity resistance training or no exercise. We performed rest and exercise cardiac computed tomography (CCT) studies before and after 10 weeks of therapy to evaluate right and left heart function. Patients were injected with 40-50 ml of non-ionic, iodinated contrast and cine CCT images were obtained at rest. Patients were exercised to 60% of their maximal work rate on a semi-supine ergometer, then re-injected with another bolus of 40-50 ml of contrast and re-imaged. We evaluated cardiac output and left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) mass, LV and RV stroke volume, ejection fractions and end-diastolic volumes at rest and exercise, before and after therapy.Results: 42 men with COPD (mean FEV 1 =40%pred. pre-bronchodilator) and low testosterone levels (mean=320ng/dl) completed the 10 week protocol. Factorial analysis demonstrated that testosterone, but not resistance training increased LV and RV mass (by 4.9% and 8.3%, respectively). Resistance training, but not testosterone, was associated with increased LV ejection fraction at rest and during exercise (by 5.5% and 4.4%, respectively). In the entire study group, increases in both left and right ventricular mass were correlated with increases in lean body mass (assessed by DEXA) (r=0.49 and r=0.65, respectively). Conclusions:In men with COPD, testosterone replacement and strength training are associated with distinct alterations in cardiac structure and function. Specifically, resistance training improved ejection fraction, while testosterone increased lean body mass and LV mass.

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Echocardiographic left ventricular masses in distance runners and weight lifters

Cited by 174 publications

References 0 publications

Eccentric and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training: microRNAs and molecular determinants

Eccentric and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training: microRNAs and molecular determinants

Effects of Resistance Training on Ventricular Function and Hypertrophy in a Rat Model

Effect of Testosterone and Resistance Training on Cardiac Mass and Contractility in Men with COPD

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