Echocardiographic and laboratory findings in coronary slow flow phenomenon: cross-sectional study and review

Abstract

Background Coronary sow-flow phenomenon (CSFP) is defined as slow passage of the contrast injected into the coronary arteries without distal obstruction of the vessel. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study performed at the Seyed-al-Shohada Heart Center during 2018–2019. The eligible patients based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into the study group showing the CSFP and the control group with normal epicardial coronary arteries. Results The study included 124 patients. 67.9% of the study group and 39.4% of the control group were male patients (p-value = 0.001), and the mean patient age was 52.18 ± 12.55 and 51.77 ± 10.36 years in the study and control groups, respectively (p-value = 0.18). The study group had a significantly higher BMI than the control group (p < 0.05) and also a higher prevalence of smoking and hypertension. The variables of ALC, Hct, Plt, MPV, RDW, Cr, triglyceride, TC, and LDL, were higher in the study group. Given the echocardiographic findings, the mean E wave was significantly lower in the study group, while the control group had a significantly higher GLS (p-value = 0.01). Also, left anterior descending artery was the most common artery involved with CSFP. Conclusion The CSFP was significantly more common in men, smokers, hypertensive patients, and patients with high BMI. Moreover, these patients had significantly higher platelet count, MPV, LDL, and FBS. Some other laboratory variables were also higher in these patients. Given the echocardiographic findings, mild diastolic dysfunction and low GLS were also observed in the study group.

Investigação da Relação entre Índice de Triglicerídeos-Glicose e Fluxo Lento Coronariano: Um Estudo Retrospectivo de Caso-Controle

“…The role of inflammation in atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in numerous studies. 24 - 26 White blood cell (WBC) count and NLR, a derivative of WBC, are markers of systemic inflammation. As a matter of fact, the findings of this study revealed that NLR is a strong and independent factor for CSF.…”

“…O papel da inflamação na aterosclerose foi demonstrado em numerosos estudos. [24][25][26] A contagem de glóbulos brancos (GB) e RNL, um derivado de GB, são marcadores de inflamação sistêmica. De fato, os achados deste estudo revelaram que a RNL é um fator forte e independente para o FLC.…”

Is Red Cell Distribution Width a Reliable Marker for Cardiovascular Diseases? A Narrative Review

“…Coronary slow phenomenon is a condition that is characterized by the slow passage of contrast in one or more coronary arteries during the angiography without the obvious obstruction of the distal vessels. 81…”

Analysis of correlative factors of female coronary slow-flow phenomenon: A retrospective study

“…The occurrence and progression of CSFP may involve coronary microcirculation disorders, endothelial function impairment, inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and an imbalance in vasoactive substances. [2,3] In coronary arteriography, CSFP is observed in 1% to 7% of patients with chest pain, and 4% of those with unstable angina also exhibit CSFP. [4][5][6] Individuals affected by CSFP experience recurrent chest pain, frequent hospitalizations, and repeated cardiac catheterizations.…”

“…Notably, CSFP is more prevalent in male patients, with twice as many males as females affected. [2] Consequently, most of the research participants were male, leaving a limited representation of females. Theoretically, females may exhibit distinct characteristics.…”