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Microplastic contamination poses a global threat to aquatic organisms, yet we know little as to how microplastics may indirectly affect organismal health via their influence on species–species interactions (e.g., host–parasite interactions). This is problematic because microplastic‐mediated alterations to host–parasite dynamics could negatively impact individual‐ population‐level health of hosts. Using a larval amphibian (host) and free‐living trematode (parasite) model, we asked whether 1) polyester microplastic fibers influence parasite survival; 2) whether polyester microplastic fiber ingestion by amphibians alters amphibian susceptibility to infection; and 3) whether simultaneous exposure of amphibians and trematodes to polyester microplastic fibers influences infection outcomes. Polyester microplastic fibers did not alter trematode survival, nor did their ingestion by amphibians increase amphibian susceptibility to infection. However, when amphibians and trematodes were exposed simultaneously to the fibers, the infection success of the parasite was reduced. Lastly, we conducted a field survey for microfiber contamination across multiple ponds and found microfibers across each of the sampled ponds. Overall, our results contribute to the limited knowledge surrounding the ecological consequences of microplastic contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:869–879. © 2021 SETAC
Microplastic contamination poses a global threat to aquatic organisms, yet we know little as to how microplastics may indirectly affect organismal health via their influence on species–species interactions (e.g., host–parasite interactions). This is problematic because microplastic‐mediated alterations to host–parasite dynamics could negatively impact individual‐ population‐level health of hosts. Using a larval amphibian (host) and free‐living trematode (parasite) model, we asked whether 1) polyester microplastic fibers influence parasite survival; 2) whether polyester microplastic fiber ingestion by amphibians alters amphibian susceptibility to infection; and 3) whether simultaneous exposure of amphibians and trematodes to polyester microplastic fibers influences infection outcomes. Polyester microplastic fibers did not alter trematode survival, nor did their ingestion by amphibians increase amphibian susceptibility to infection. However, when amphibians and trematodes were exposed simultaneously to the fibers, the infection success of the parasite was reduced. Lastly, we conducted a field survey for microfiber contamination across multiple ponds and found microfibers across each of the sampled ponds. Overall, our results contribute to the limited knowledge surrounding the ecological consequences of microplastic contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:869–879. © 2021 SETAC
), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) v The history of research on the relationships between Biomphalaria spp. and larval trematodes, particularly Schistosoma mansoni, is long, active, and ongoing today. Snails of the genus Biomphalaria are of significant medical importance with many species living in freshwater habitats associated with human settlements; many of these snail species are obligate intermediate hosts of the human blood fluke S. mansoni, the causative agent of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. This parasitic disease continues to disrupt the lives of about 200 million people in over 70 countries and prevents these individuals from otherwise reasonable expectations of healthy and productive lives. Furthermore, it is estimated that within the developing world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, more than 700 million people are at risk of becoming infected, despite the efforts to control transmission in human and snail populations by mass chemotherapy and the use of molluscicides. Several factors, such as the absence of a schistosome vaccine, the recent appearance of resistance to antischistosome drugs, and human activities that expand snail habitats, have increased the need for a better understanding of schistosome-snail interactions. In recent years, the application of new technologies has contributed to the accumulation of considerable new information on this topic that may be of great use to biomedical scientists.In addition to the impact of Biomphalaria spp. on public health, these snails are also interesting models for the study of other topics such as population biology, including genetics and demography, proteomics, invertebrate immunobiology, mating systems, and biogeography, among others. Biomphalaria spp. snails have been extensively used as experimental biological models contributing significantly to new developments in many areas studied by biomedical scientists. Extensive coverage of these topics is included in this book, also considering trematode species other than schistosomes.The aim of the present book is to provide an overview of the recent advances in the Biomphalaria spp.-larval trematode interactions, especially in Biomphalariaschistosome systems. Emphasis is placed on gaps in our knowledge that must be filled to gain a better understanding of the relationships in these host-parasite systems. This may be critical for a deeper knowledge of the transmission of schistosomiasis and other snail-borne parasitic diseases. Pref...
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