EC-Earth

Hazeleger, Wilco; Severijns, Camiel; Semmler, Tido; Stefanescu, Simona; Yang, Shuting; Wang, Xueli; Wyser, Klaus; Dutra, Emanuel; Baldasano, J. M.; Bintanja, Richard; Bougeault, Philippe; Caballero, Rodrigo; Ekman, Annica M. L.; Christensen, Jens Hesselbjerg; Hurk, Bart van den; Jiménez, Pedro A.; Jones, Colin; Kållberg, Per; Koenigk, Torben; McGrath, Ray; Miranda, Pedro; Noije, Twan van; Palmer, Tim; Parodi, José Antonio; Schmith, Torben; Selten, Frank; Storelvmo, Trude; Sterl, Andreas; Tapamo, Honoré; Vancoppenolle, Martin; Viterbo, Pedro; Willén, Ulrika

doi:10.1175/2010bams2877.1

Cited by 493 publications

(139 citation statements)

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“…For simulations, we use historical and RCP4.5 runs from 44 different GCMs from the CMIP5 archive [Taylor et al, 2012;Bi et al, 2013;Xin et al, 2013;Ji et al, 2014;von Salzen et al, 2013;Meehl et al, 2012;Hurrell et al, 2012;Scoccimarro et al, 2011;Voldoire et al, 2013;Rotstayn et al, 2010;Hazeleger et al, 2010;Li et al, 2013;Delworth et al, 2006;Donner et al, 2011;Schmidt et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2010;Collins et al, 2011;Jones et al, 2011;Volodin et al, 2010;Dufresne et al, 2013;Hourdin et al, 2013;Sakamoto et al, 2012;Watanabe et al, 2010Watanabe et al, , 2011Giorgetta et al, 2013;Yukimoto et al, 2012;Bentsen et al, 2013], and from the 100 realization single-model large ensemble of the MPI-ESM [Giorgetta et al, 2013]. The large ensemble uses the model version MPI-ESM1.1 in low resolution (LR) configuration, with resolution T63 and 47 vertical levels in the atmosphere and 1.5 ∘ resolution and 40 vertical levels in the ocean.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal variability in simulated and observed tropical tropospheric temperature trends

Suárez-Gutiérrez

Thorne

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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We explore the extent to which internal variability can reconcile discrepancies between observed and simulated warming in the upper tropical troposphere. We compare all extant radiosonde‐based estimates for the period 1958–2014 to simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 multimodel ensemble and the 100 realization Max Planck Institute large ensemble. We consider annual mean temperatures and all available 30‐and 15‐year trends. Most observed trends fall within the ensemble spread for most of the record, and trends calculated over 15‐year periods show better agreement than 30‐year trends, with generally larger discrepancies for the older observational products. The simulated amplification of surface warming aloft in the troposphere is consistent with observations, and the linear correlation between surface and simultaneous tropospheric warming trends decreases with trend length. We conclude that trend differences between observations and simulations of tropical tropospheric temperatures are dominated by observational uncertainty and chaotic internal variability rather than by systematic errors in model performance.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal variability in simulated and observed tropical tropospheric temperature trends

Suárez-Gutiérrez

Thorne

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The model used for this study is the EC-Earth global climate model in the most recent version 3.1 (Hazeleger et al 2010(Hazeleger et al , 2012. EC-Earth consists of the IFS atmospheric model (cycle 36r4, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 2010) and the NEMO ocean model (version 3.3.1, Madec 2011) including the LIM3 sea ice model (Vancoppenolle et al 2009).…”

Section: Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The last interglacial climate: comparing direct and indirect impacts of insolation changes

2016

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“…The model used in this study is the global coupled climate model EC-Earth (Hazeleger et al 2010). The Integrated Forecast System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) constitutes the atmosphere component, and the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO), developed by the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), the ocean component (Madec 2008).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic climate change in 21st century CMIP5 simulations with EC-Earth

et al. 2012

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The Arctic climate change is analyzed in an ensemble of future projection simulations performed with the global coupled climate model EC-Earth2.3. EC-Earth simulates the twentieth century Arctic climate relatively well but the Arctic is about 2 K too cold and the sea ice thickness and extent are overestimated. In the twenty-first century, the results show a continuation and strengthening of the Arctic trends observed over the recent decades, which leads to a dramatically changed Arctic climate, especially in the high emission scenario RCP8.5. The annually averaged Arctic mean near-surface temperature increases by 12 K in RCP8.5, with largest warming in the Barents Sea region. The warming is most pronounced in winter and autumn and in the lower atmosphere. The Arctic winter temperature inversion is reduced in all scenarios and disappears in RCP8.5. The Arctic becomes ice free in September in all RCP8.5 simulations after a rapid reduction event without recovery around year 2060. Taking into account the overestimation of ice in the twentieth century, our model results indicate a likely ice-free Arctic in September around 2040. Sea ice reductions are most pronounced in the Barents Sea in all RCPs, which lead to the most dramatic changes in this region. Here, surface heat fluxes are strongly enhanced and the cloudiness is substantially decreased. The meridional heat flux into the Arctic is reduced in the atmosphere but increases in the ocean. This oceanic increase is dominated by an enhanced heat flux into the Barents Sea, which strongly contributes to the large sea ice reduction and surface-air warming in this region. Increased precipitation and river runoff lead to more freshwater input into the Arctic Ocean. However, most of the additional freshwater is stored in the Arctic Ocean while the total Arctic freshwater export only slightly increases.

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EC-Earth

Cited by 493 publications

References 1 publication

Internal variability in simulated and observed tropical tropospheric temperature trends

Internal variability in simulated and observed tropical tropospheric temperature trends

The last interglacial climate: comparing direct and indirect impacts of insolation changes

Arctic climate change in 21st century CMIP5 simulations with EC-Earth

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