EBI2 in splenic and local immune responses and in autoimmunity

Abstract

The seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor EBV-induced gene 2 (EBI2), also known as GPR183, is expressed in particular in immune cells. Activated by its endogenous ligands, which are a group of oxysterols, it functions as a chemo-attractant receptor, mediating cell migration. In coordination with other receptors, EBI2 plays important roles in controlling the migration of immune cells during the course of a T-dependent Ab response in the spleen. In recent years, it has become clear that EBI2 also has other roles to play in the immune system. Thus, EBI2 seems to be involved in innate immune responses, such as those mediated by TLR signaling, and it has been implicated in regional immune responses, including immune responses in the CNS. In this review, we describe the functions of EBI2 in B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells during the course of a T-dependent Ab response in the spleen. Furthermore, we review the existing evidence supporting a role for EBI2 in local immune responses and in autoimmune diseases, with a special focus on immune responses in the CNS. Finally, we discuss which type of role EBI2 may play in autoimmune diseases, and we give our opinion about the paths of future research in EBI2.

Immune and Stroma Related Genes in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Database

“…Their effect in immune responses and cell chemotaxis have been discovered. GPR183 mediated in immune response, intestinal immunity and inflammation (45) when activated in T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages (46)(47)(48). In glioblastoma multiforme, GPR183 contributed to chemotactic migration of THP-1 cells toward tumor (49).…”

Dual function of Langerhans cells in skin TSLP-promoted TFH differentiation in mouse atopic dermatitis

“…50,51 We thus tested whether IL-6 neutralization decreases T FH /GC response in MC903-AD. Results showed that IL-6 was not required for the initiation of T FH differentiation and the overall GC reaction (see Fig E11 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org), although it is possible that its function in T FH response is redundant with other signals as suggested by Eto et al 52 Besides IL-6, several other T FH -promoting factors derived from DCs have been recently reported, including IRF4, 53 IL-2Ra, 42,54 and EBI2 (Gpr183), 44,45 whose expression was all commonly upregulated in Pos_MC, Neg_MC, and Neg_OVA (Fig 7, D). The role of these potential candidates in TSLP-promoting T FH differentiation remains to be examined.…”

Downregulation of GPR183 on Infection Restricts the Early Infection and Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophage

“…The dehydrogenase HSD3B7 mRNA changes a little within 8 h post infection, but significantly increased at 24 h poi. When performing its role in T cell and B cell chemotaxis, GPR183 receives 7α,25-OHC mediated downregulation, which is important to the correct positioning of T cell and B cell[14, 21]. Then these transcriptional expression changes may suggest a functional role of GPR183 during Mtb infection.…”