Eating tasty foods to cope, enhance reward, socialize or conform: What other psychological characteristics describe each of these motives?

Boggiano, Mary M.; Wenger, L. E.; Burgess, Emilee E.; Tatum, Mindy M.; Sylvester, Maria D.; Morgan, Phillip R.; Morse, Kathryn E.

doi:10.1177/1359105315600240

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results are in line with previous studies, where it was also found that eating driven by emotional reasons is more common among those who already suffered from an eating disorder (Boggiano et al, 2017).…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

The motivations that define eating patterns in some Mediterranean countries

Guiné

Ferrão

Ferreira

et al. 2019

NFS

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Purpose This study to investigate several issues related to food choice and consumption patterns in different countries, including health-related factors; economic and availability aspects; emotional determinants; social, cultural and religious influences; marketing and advertising campaigns; and finally environmental concerns. Design/methodology/approach The present study was based on a questionnaire that was exclusively prepared for the project, and which was applied to collect data in different countries, in particular Croatia, Egypt, Italy, Greece and Portugal, which are typically associated with the Mediterranean diet (MD). Findings The results obtained allowed, in general, to conclude that in all five countries the motivations related to health as well as environment and politics were the more relevant to determine people’s eating habits (scores varying from 0.3 to 0.7). Women were more influenced by eating motivations than men, and people with moderate exercise were more susceptible to health and environmental motivations and less to emotional, social or marketing motivations (p < 0.001 in all cases). It was also observed that people who adopted a special diet were more prone to eating motivations and that the emotional motivations were more pronounced in people with eating disorders (p < 0.001). Finally, people without chronic diseases or allergies were even more influenced by health motivations than those who actually suffered from these health problems (p < 0.001 in both cases). Originality/value This work is important because of the multinational coverage, thus allowing to evaluate the most relevant factors that influenced the food choices of the populations around the Mediterranean Sea, sharing the common link to the MD. The study allowed concluding that, in general, the food choices were primarily determined by health factors and also by concerns related to the environment and sustainability as well as by political influences.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

The motivations that define eating patterns in some Mediterranean countries

Guiné

Ferrão

Ferreira

et al. 2019

NFS

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“…The safety and tolerability of tDCS in children and adolescents has been proven (Antal et al, 2017 ) so, in a single-blind-controlled study, we hypothesized that excitatory tDCS over the left DLPFC and inhibitory tDCS over the right DLPFC (anode left/cathode right) may aid in altering/resetting inter-hemispheric balance in adolescents with AN, re-establish their control over eating behaviors. This montage was based on the dominance hypothesis in AN and in accordance with previous studies, where opposite stimulation montage showed an improvement in “over-eating” for ED symptoms (Fregni et al, 2008 ; Goldman et al, 2011 ; Montenegro et al, 2012 ; Boggiano et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Conversely, tDCS research has mostly focused on food cravings (Fregni et al, 2008 ; Goldman et al, 2011 ; Montenegro et al, 2012 ; Boggiano et al, 2017 ) and evidences have been provided that food cravings is reduced when excitatory (anodal) tDCS is applied over the right DLPFC (as opposite to reports on AN where excitatory stimulation is applied over the left DLPFC). For example, Fregni et al ( 2008 ) compared both tDCS protocols, anode right/cathode left and anode left/cathode right, to sham stimulation, and found that food cravings reduced, remained stable or increased in these conditions, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Treatment Perspectives in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa: The Efficacy of Non-invasive Brain-Directed Treatment

Costanzo

Menghini

Maritato

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Poor treatment outcomes are available for anorexia nervosa (AN) and treatment innovations are urgently needed. Recently, non-invasive neuromodulation tools have suggested to have potential for reducing an symptomatology targeting brain alterations. The objective of the study was to verify whether left anodal/right cathodal prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), may aid in altering/resetting inter-hemispheric balance in patients with AN, re-establishing control over eating behaviors. Twenty-three adolescents with an underwent a treatment as usual (AU), including nutritional, pharmacological, and psychoeducational treatment, plus 18 sessions of tDCS (TDCS+AU = n11; mean age = 13.9, SD = 1.8 years) or a family based therapy (FBT+AU = n12, mean age = 15.1, SD = 1.5 years). Psychopathological scales and the body mass index (BMI) were assessed before and after treatment. After 6 weeks of treatment, the BMI values increased only in the tDCS group, even at 1-month follow-up. Independently of the treatment, all participants improved in several psychopathological measures, included AN psychopathology and mood and anxiety symptoms. Our results demonstrated for the first time a specific effect of the left anodal/right cathodal tDCS treatment protocol on stable weight gain and a superiority compared to an active control treatment for adolescents with AN. Results were interpreted as a possible direct/indirect effect of tDCS in into some pathophysiological mechanisms of AN, involving the mesocortical dopaminergic pathways and the promotion of food intake. This pilot study opens new perspectives in the treatment of an in adolescence, supporting the targeted and beneficial effects of a brain-based treatment.

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“…Another explanation for these differences between the BE-like profiles is a possible high hedonic threshold or heightened reward sensitivity in binge eaters (Boggiano et al, 2007). Differences in sympathetic reactivity may predispose binge eaters to turn to palatable food while dealing with stress (Boggiano et al, 2007, 2015; Corwin et al, 2011; Burgess et al, 2014; Pool et al, 2015). Stress elevates corticosterone (CORT) that enhances dopamine release in the NAc that affect the motivation toward PF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Binging usually includes highly palatable foods that are typically characterized by high calorie density and low nutritional values (Oswald et al, 2011; Bekker et al, 2014; Boggiano et al, 2014; Pool et al, 2015) and it is often accompanied by a sense of loss of control in humans (Finlayson et al, 2011; APA, 2013; Boggiano et al, 2014, 2015; Dalton and Finlayson, 2014; Pool et al, 2015) which is triggered by emotional stressors (Boggiano et al, 2007, 2014, 2015; Bello et al, 2014; Pool et al, 2015). Food consumption while binging is not necessarily driven by hunger and therefore it increases various health risks (Finlayson et al, 2011; APA, 2013; Bekker et al, 2014; Boggiano et al, 2015; Imperatori et al, 2015; Pool et al, 2015). Behavioral, emotional, and cognitive properties of BE are seen in 10–20% of the general population (Dalton and Finlayson, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Animal Model of Maladaptive Palatable Food Consumption Followed by Delayed Discomfort

2017

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Introduction: Binging is the consumption of larger amounts of food in a briefer period of time than would normally be consumed under similar circumstances. Binging requires palatable food (PF) to trigger abnormal eating, probably reflecting gene × environment interactions. In this study we examined the impact of trait binge eating (BE) and its compulsive nature on the conflict between hedonic eating of PF and anticipation of a delayed aversive effect. We used female rats as an animal model similar to other models of BE. A novel aspect of this model in this paper is the use of a delayed internal aversive effect produced by lactose ingestion. Establishing this model will allow us to better understand the nature of the conflict between immediate reward and its delayed aversive implications. We hypothesized that BE prone (BEP) rats will demonstrate maladaptive decision making, presenting higher motivation toward PF even when this is associated with delayed discomfort.Method: (Phase 1) 52 female adult Wistar rats were divided to two eating profiles: resistant and prone binge eaters (BER/BEP) based on intake of liquid PF (Ensure). Next, all subjects underwent a Lactose Conditioning Protocol (LCP) that included 4 h tests, one baseline and 3 conditioning days (Phase 2), in which solid PF (Oreo cookies) was paired with glucose (control-no internal aversive effect) or lactose, dissolved in liquid PF. Index for PF motivation was PF consumption during the 4 h LCP. To test for memory of lactose conditioning, we performed another LCP with glucose only (anticipation, but no actual lactose-induced discomfort), a week after the last conditioning session.Results: Lactose conditioned BEP showed higher motivation toward PF compared to lactose conditioned BER faced with delayed aversive effects. Only lactose conditioned BER rats devaluated the PF over LCP days, indicating an association between PF and abdominal discomfort. In addition, only lactose conditioned BER presented an adaptive dynamic behavior, by varying PF intake according to consequences. Furthermore, solid PF consumption was predicted by binge size of liquid PF, only for lactose conditioned rats.Conclusions: We established an animal model for a common eating conflict in humans using delayed internal aversive unconditional stimuli.

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Eating tasty foods to cope, enhance reward, socialize or conform: What other psychological characteristics describe each of these motives?

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

The motivations that define eating patterns in some Mediterranean countries

The motivations that define eating patterns in some Mediterranean countries

New Treatment Perspectives in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa: The Efficacy of Non-invasive Brain-Directed Treatment

A Potential Animal Model of Maladaptive Palatable Food Consumption Followed by Delayed Discomfort

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